This workshop brought together academia, stakeholders and senior policy makers from different carbon markets worldwide, in a unique process for a fruitful exchange on carbon market integration. The workshop, jointly organised with  DG Climate Action of the European Commission, is part of the so called ‘Florence process’ aimed to stimulate the on-going debate on carbon markets amongst international policymakers and experts. The event was a follow-up of the LIFE SIDE project.  Co-funded under the LIFE Programme, the project which was completed in December 2018, has been supporting policymakers with the implementation of the EU ETS.

Workshop by invitation only and held under the Chatham House Rule.

Previous workshops of the Florence Process:

First Carbon Market Workshop, 25 September 2017

Second Carbon Market Workshop, 14 May 2018

This online debate “Flexibility in the electricity sector” will address the issue of how flexibility can be promoted and rewarded efficiently and effectively in an electricity system that features a growing share of renewables. Insights from two European-funded projects, SmartNet and OSMOSE, will feed the debate.

Market design for a decarbonised and decentralised electricity sector

The growing penetration of renewable energy sources in the European generation mix is changing the context upon which power markets and system operation were established in the 1990s. At that time, large and dispatchable thermal power plants dominated the supply side and had to modulate their production to follow the load and keep the system in balance. Today, smaller and intermittent plants with negligible variable costs are getting the centre-stage. Wind farms are a classic example. This transformation requires that new sources of flexibility are incentivised and optimised. The market architecture that emerged in Europe in the past 30 years may not be the most suitable to do that job.

Moderated by:

• Nicolo Rossetto (FSR)

Speakers:

• Guillaume Lehec (ENGIE)
• Gianluigi Migliavacca (SmartNet project, RSE)
• Christoph Weber (OSMOSE project, Duisburg-Essen University)
• Tim Schittekatte (FSR)

An open Q&A will follow.

FSR online debate in collaboration with the Horizon2020 projects SmartNet and Osmose

The “Sector Coupling 2.0” workshop of the 2018-2019 FSR Regulatory Policy Workshop Series will address Power to Gas in the EU Decarbonisation Strategy.

In October 2018, the Florence School of Regulation organised its first Workshop on “Coupling the Sectors”, as part of this Regulatory Policy Workshop Series. The discussion not only covered the coupling of the electricity and gas sectors and markets but also highlighted that power-to-gas could be a game changer in allowing sector coupling. However, the regulatory and market design implications of power-to-gas technologies at network scale were not explored.

This Workshop will continue the debate focusing on the implications of the deployment of power-to-gas technologies for sector coupling and the appropriate regulatory and market design responses.

The event will reflect on whether power-to-gas facilities should be considered as part of the gas or electricity networks (and therefore their ownership and operation reserved to transmission owners or transmission system operators), or if instead they can be considered as performing an activity open to competition or, thirdly, a combination of the two regimes.

It will consider to what extent the development of power-to-gas facilities might be promoted by the coordination of spot and forward markets in electricity and gas, so that such facilities (together with the gas networks and the gas-fired power stations) could be used for swaps (virtual electricity storage) and arbitrage (spark spread and “reversed” spark spread).

Power-to-gas technologies could also produce hydrogen and synthetic methane that can be used as energy for those processes which are not suitable for electrification or as chemical feedstock. If the electricity fed into the power-to-gas transformation is renewable-based, this process will also contribute to the decarbonisation of the gas sector.

The Workshop will be structured in two sessions:

• Session 1 will review the power-to-gas technological landscape, identifying the potentials for the different technologies and their future economic viability.
• Session 2 will discuss how power-to-gas could enable sector coupling, and deliver benefits in terms of greater temporal and geographical flexibility of the energy system. The regulatory and market design implications of such developments will also be explored.

This workshop is exclusively open to national regulators, representatives from public bodies and associate & major donors of the FSR Energy area.

During the 7th Vienna Forum we will bring together representatives from EU institutions, academics, and representatives from regulatory authorities alongside members of industry, energy-focused law firms and consultancies to exchange knowledge and share practices on how to tackle the latest EU energy issues and explore the opportunities for integrated energy policies from both a legal and economic perspective.

Among the topics we will explore this year:

• The global energy transition
• The current state of the Energy Union and the legacy of the Juncker Commission
• The Legal Issues of Renewable Energy:
  • Auctioning systems
  • Contractual frameworks
  • Potential business models

• The private enforcement of environmental and climate law
• The legal aspects of the new energy world:
  • Self-consumption
  • Aggregation
  • Storage
  • Citizen energy communities

• Decarbonisation and energy security
• Security of Supply
  • Nord Stream and South Stream after the amendments to the Gas Directive
  • Ukraine’s future in the gas route
  • Cyber security
  • Critical infrastructure and foreign investors

The Vienna Forum on European Energy Law is a long-standing collaboration between the FSR Energy Union Law Area and the Energy Community Secretariat with the mission to bridge the gap in energy debate between the EU and Energy Community.

Each year, the initiative has continued to grow and build upon the successes of previous editions. This year will mark the 7^th year of the project.

For further information on the content of the forum, please contact the scientific organiser Anne-Marie Kehoe

To register for the forum, please contact Inga Prokofieva

Find more information in the Event’s Website

Finance is widely seen as an obstacle to a better world. In this online seminar, Prof. Dirk Schoenmaker (Erasmus University Rotterdam) will explain how the financial sector can be mobilised to counter this inevitability. As is documented in Prof. Schoenmaker’s recent book (D. Schoenmaker and W. Schramade, Principles of Sustainable Finance, Oxford University Press, 2019), using finance as a means to achieve social goals one can divert the planet and its economy from its current path to a world that is sustainable for all.
After describing the sustainability challenges, the seminar will show how investors and bankers can steer funding to sustainable companies and projects without sacrificing return and thus speed up the transition to a sustainable economy. Further, the seminar will analyse the Sustainable Development Goals as a strategy for a better world and will provide evidence that environmental, social, and governance factors matter, describing in detail how to incorporate these factors in the corporate and financial sectors.

Speakers:

Dirk Schoenmaker | Professor of Banking and Finance at the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University

Kinanya Pijl | Researcher, European University Institute

Moderator:

Jean-Michel Glachant | Director, Florence School of Regulation

An open discussion will follow.

Register here

The Policy Advisory Council discusses the most topical regulatory and policy issues, as well as debating the relevance and robustness of the latest FSR research findings.

The meeting gathers renowned academics, experts from the FSR-Energy Major Donors, the European Commission, the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) and National Regulatory Authorities.

The Policy Advisory Council is structured as follows:

Day 1

• Session 1: New business models in the electricity sector
• Session 2: Flexibility procurement for distribution grids
• Session 3: The future of RES communities

 Day 2

• Session 1: Gas methane emissions
• Session 2: The FSR Gas Area contribution to sector coupling
• Session 3: FSR is Global: the journey so far and the road ahead

Please note the Policy Advisory Council is a closed event and participation is by invitation only.

The objective of this workshop “Management of Hydropower in the Energy Union” is to analyse and discuss the current state of hydropower regulation from the perspectives of national resource management, EU market design, and investor protection. It will consider recent domestic reforms in so far as these have been prompted by EU legal requirements.

National Resource Management, Market Regulation and Investor Protection

Hydropower will remain one of the most significant sources of electricity production from renewables in EU energy for the foreseeable future. But, do we have an adequate legal framework to realise its full potential to contribute to the EU’s ambitious climate change objectives?

Hydropower is a valuable natural resource with significant economic and strategic implications. Unsurprisingly, management of hydropower resources is subject to elaborate domestic licensing rules or concession regimes as compared to other renewable electricity generation technologies.

A 2015 report Regimes for granting the right to use hydropower in Europe by the Florence School of Regulation confirmed that licensing and concession systems, including aspects such as award procedures, license conditions and duration, vary widely across EU jurisdiction. In the meantime, several EU member states have taken some steps to reform their domestic regimes.

And, even if hydropower as a renewable and efficient energy source is in many respects well suited to achieve climate objectives, larger-scale projects are controversial. From a resource management perspective, major hydropower producing countries may be reluctant to expand existing dams and prefer to control power exports.

Among the confirmed speakers:

• Alberto Pototschnig, ACER
• Auke Lont, Statnett SF
• Angus Johnston, University of Oxford
• Per Håkon Høisveen, Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
• Ivar Alvik, University of Oslo
• Marinella De Focatiis, Edison; AIDEN
• Henrik Bjørnebye, University of Oslo
• Guillaume Dezobry, FIDAL; Paris Dauphine University
• Jean-Michel Glachant, FSR (EUI)
• Christoffer Eriksen, University of Oslo
• Krístin Haraldsdottir, University of Reykjavik
• Leigh Hancher, FSR (EUI); Tilburg University

Download the presentations

The Geopolitics of Energy Transformation workshop will be structured in three sessions:

• Session 1 will focus on a presentation on the geopolitical implications of the global energy transformation driven by renewables.
• Session 2 will reflect on the issues and the structures of the global energy governance.
• Session 3 will discuss the impact of the changing geopolitics of energry in the EU, and discuss what should be the energy priorities of the next Commission to ensure that the EU harnesses benefits from its energy revolution, not the offshoring of energy intensive industry and a loss of competitiveness and jobs.

Among the confirmed speakers:

• Michael Bradshaw | Warwick Business School
• Stefan Moser | European Commission (DG Energy)
• Simone Mori | ENEL
• Nicolò Sartori | Istituto Affari Internazionali
• Daniel J. Scholten | Delft University of Technology

Download the programme

Background

The energy world is changing fast. New technological developments, rising energy demand and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to achieve the climate goals outlined in the Paris Agreement are the main trends in this change.

For a very long period energy geopolitics have been dominated by fossil fuel production and consumption, in particular oil. A good illustration of this is OPEC, the organisation of oil producers influencing the supply of oil to the global markets. For mostly consumer countries, it was oil stocks policy designed by the International Energy Agency (IEA).

In recent times we have seen huge change in this traditional pattern, with fracking technologies in the US undermining the power of OPEC and developments in LNG technologies combined with the growth of gas production across the globe, from Africa to Australia.

New technologies and consumer behaviour are revolutionising the way in which the energy is produced, transported and consumed. Renewable energy brings disruptive influence to the old global energy order. Traditional energy consuming countries now have the option, and the Paris imperative, to be producers, as wind and solar energy becomes competitive with fossil fuel technologies on its own merits.

With the growth of electric transport, and electrification to reduce carbon emissions, the market share of electricity in the final energy consumption is on the rise. Self-driving cars and cheaper electric vehicles will accelerate this, and the hydrogen economy is becoming a realistic option. The transition to the low carbon economy in digital era is opening up a wide range of new business possibilities.

The transition is happening in the backdrop of the expectation of strong and sustained growth in global prosperity; global GDP is expected to double by 2040, driven by fast growing developing economies. Even with strong energy efficiency policies in place this would require increased demand for energy supply.

Different studies indicate substantial impact of these changes in the energy sector to the growth and employment in different countries.

The Global Commission on the Geopolitics of Energy Transformation initiated by International Renewable Energy Agency’s (IRENA’s) Director-General Adnan Z. Amin has produced a Report analysing the geopolitical implications the global energy transformation. The Report highlights the vital need to prepare proactively for the new energy age and its geopolitical consequences.

Responding to this call the workshop will focus on the opportunities, risks and initiatives to be taken for the EU in the era of the energy transformation.

Interested in this topics? Read more on IRENA’s New Report: A New World: The Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation

Join us on the third online event leading up to the FSR Global Forum discussing Sustainable Consumption in the World Energy Transition.

The accomplishment of the world energy transition for a low-carbon economy imposes challenges on public authorities, but also civil society and consumers. Besides the universal access to clean and affordable energy, consumers and industrial customers are means to the energy transition when they respond and engage in consumption patterns to consume less and better energy, self-generate, or become prosumers. These goals are at the core of the United Nation SDG #12, which trickle the issue of Sustainable Consumption.

A wide range of techniques have been developed to bring consumption to more sustainable levels: information disclosure policy though smart-meters, energy label and eco-design; energy efficiency of residential and non-residential buildings; tax and regulatory incentives for the use of electric vehicles among others. Until now, these techniques remained scattered across different areas of law, with the resulting challenge for anyone interested in their forms and operation. The online debate aims to touch open the issue of sustainable consumption.

This online debate will discuss the following issues:

• What does the UN Sustainable Development Goal #12 on Sustainable Consumption mean and how does it interact with SDG #7 on affordable and clean energy?
• What are the main legal barriers that preclude consumers to engage in more sustainable patterns such as demand-response?
• What are the legal techniques that have been developed to bring consumption to more sustainable levels in energy markets and other sectors?

An open discussion will follow.

Speakers:

Alberto do Amaral Júnior | Professor at the University of São Paulo (Brazil).

Tiago de Barros Correia | Former-Director of ANEEL (Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Authority)

Miguel Vazquez | Part-time Professor and Head of Florence School of Regulation Energy Innovation

Moderator:

Lucila de Almeida | Florence School of Regulation

The online debate aims to pre-launch the Springer book entitled ‘Sustainable Consumption: the right to a healthy environment’ of our Research Associate, Lucila de Almeida, together with Alberto do Amaral Junior (University of São Paulo) and Luciane Klein Vieira (University of Buenos Aires and UNISINOS). Tiago de Barros Correia is one among the more than 30 contributors and writes on the auction design to procure energy efficiency measures.

About the FSR Global Forum

The FSR Global Forum is a 4-day event fostering practice-oriented solutions on key aspects of the world energy transition. It provides a platform for multi-stakeholder engagement to facilitate transnational knowledge exchange.

It brings together 100 representatives (by invitation only) from government agencies, regulatory bodies, energy companies, energy utilities, development organisations and academics from across the world.

The Forum develops around 12 knowledge spaces to facilitate interactive discussions and digitally maps the key insights of each session. The topical issues addressed have a special focus on Latin America, Africa and Asia.

Universal access to clean and modern energy is one of the top energy challenges of our time.

Significant progress to provide such energy access has been achieved in the past years. However, based on the current trajectory, the IEA estimates that around 674 million inhabitants will continue to lack access to electricity in 2030. It is therefore imperative to ‘think big’, involve all the relevant stakeholders and remove barriers to massive electrification business models.

The 2^nd online debate leading up to the FSR Global Forum discusses the following issues

• What are the main barriers to massive electrification business models? How to remove them to increase energy access?
• Is a “utility-like” business model the most adequate long-term approach for electricity supply to the population that lacks acceptable electricity access?

Speakers:

Laura Cozzi |Deputy Head – Office of the Chief Economist of the IEA

Salvatore Vinci | Deputy Director, Country Support and Partnerships Division – IRENA

Praveer Sinha | CEO & Managing Director – Tata Power

Moderator:

Ignacio Perez Arriaga | Professor – FSR, MIT and UPComillas

An open discussion will follow.

Watch the debate recording:

About the FSR Global Forum

The FSR Global Forum is a 4-day event fostering practice-oriented solutions on key aspects of the world energy transition. It provides a platform for multi-stakeholder engagement to facilitate transnational knowledge exchange.

“Trust in the Single Market?” is a Side Event at the 2019 State of the Union – 21st Century Democracy in Europe, European University Institute, Florence, discussing the case of the EU Emissions Trading System

Jointly organised by FSR Climate (European University Institute) and the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE)

Chairing: Simone Borghesi, Director, FSR Climate, EUI;  Jos Delbeke, former Director-General for Climate Action,, European Commission, Professor, School of Transnational Governance, EUI

Watch the recording of this side event:

Presentations

Trust in the Single Market? The case of the EU Emissions Trading System – Introduction to the event, Simone Borghesi

Unilateral action, expectations and credible commitment, Ottmar Edenhofer

Do we trust carbon pricing?, Herman Vollebergh

Download the programme

Carbon pricing is widely regarded as a key instrument to achieve the emission reduction targets set by the Paris Agreement. Since the introduction of the European Emission Trading System (EU ETS) in 2005, carbon pricing has grown extensively around the world. The EU ETS is the result of a complex legislative process involving the governments of 31 participating countries, thus providing one of the most interesting examples of democratic participation of EU countries in the design of a EU crucial policy and in the creation of a single market in the EU.

Since its adoption, the EU ETS has faced a number of challenges, including a substantial price fall with allowance prices getting below 5€/ton of CO2 during the economic recession. This has urged European institutions to implement a series of revisions of the system. As a result, after years of low carbon prices, in which trust in the EU ETS was low, the price of the European allowances has risen remarkably following the announcement of the reform of the EU ETS for Phase IV (2021-2030), which was passed in 2018. This confirms the crucial role that expectations can play in anticipating the policy when this is perceived as sufficient stringent, credible and long-run.

The following questions will be addressed by the event:

• What is the current level of trust by participants and the public opinion in the EU ETS?
• What can be done to further support the credibility of the system and enhance trust in the single market in the context of climate policy?
• How can transparency and MRV (Measurement, reporting and verification) contribute to build trust in climate policy measures in general, and in the EU ETS in particular?
• How can we trigger mutual trust across countries and facilitate the ongoing negotiations on CORSIA and on Article 6 in the Paris Agreement?
• How can scholars and research better bridge with Policy Makers to enhance trust in Climate Policy measures?

FSR Climate, together with the Policy Outreach Committee of EAERE and in collaboration with the School of Transnational Governance of the European University Institute, organises this session to promote a more integrated dialogue between academia and the policy world, providing advice and support to EU policy makers and institutions in designing policy interventions. The event intends to continue the policy dialogue carried out by FSR Climate under the LIFE SIDE project (co-funded by the LIFE Programme of the European Union) concluded at the end of 2018, which supported European policy makers with the design and implementation of the new EU ETS legislation.

Invited speakers

Carlo Carraro, Professor (University of Venice), President European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and Vice-Chair of IPCC Working Group III

Ottmar Edenhofer, Director and Chief Economist, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Director, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Professor, Technische Universität Berlin

Hermann Vollebergh, Professor of Economics and Environmental Policy, Tilburg University, and Senior Research Fellow, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency

Martin Weitzman, Professor of Economics, Harvard University Center for the Environment

Roundtable panelists

Dominique Bureau, General Delegate of the Economic council for sustainable development, Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, France

Ben Groom, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics, London, UK

Xavier Labandeira, Director of Economics for Energy, Spain, and Department of Applied Economics, University of Vigo, Spain

Aldo Ravazzi , Chair OECD-WPEP (Working Party on Environmental Performance Country Reviews), President Green Budget Europe, and Chief Economist, DG Sustainable Development, EU&Global Affairs – TA Sogesid, Italian Ministry of Environment

Speakers & panelists bios 

Dominique Bureau is General Delegate of the Economic Council of the French Ministry of Ecology and he chairs its Green Tax Commission.  He is also Chairman of the Public Statistics Authority and lecturer at École Polytechnique. He started his career with the Finance Ministry. Then he has been in charge of the Economic and International Affairs department for the Ministry of Transportation, after creating the Economic department at the Environment Ministry. He is member of the scientific committees of La Fabrique de la Cité, Grand Paris Express and National Institute for agronomic research. He is also member of the Board of the French Association for Resources and Environmental Economics.

Carlo Carraro is President Emeritus and Professor of Economics at Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. He holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University. He was President of the University of Venice from 2009 to 2014.  He is President of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE) and member of the Bureau of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). He is also Strategic Advisor of the Euro Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change (CMCC), a Fellow of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE) and Co-Chair of the Green Growth Knowledge Platform Advisory Committee. He is President of H-Farm Education and the HforHuman Foundation. He is also Scientific Director of the Fondazione Nord Est and a Research Fellow of CEPR, London,  CESifo, Munich and CEPS, Brussels. His blog is www.carlocarraro.org. 

Ottmar Edenhofer is Director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Professor for the Economics of Climate Change at the Technical University Berlin as well as founding director of the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change. He is a member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina and the National Academy of Science and Engineering acatech. Edenhofer has published numerous articles in leading journals and authored various books. From 2008 to 2015 he served as Co-Chair of Working Group III of the IPCC, shaping the Fifth Assessment Report on Climate Change Mitigation substantially, which has been considered a landmark report and provided the scientific basis for the Paris Agreement.

Ben Groom is Professor of Environment and Development Economics at the Department of Geography and Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science. He is also an associate of the Grantham Research Institute on Environment and Climate Change. His research has focused on the welfare analysis of public policies that have long-term welfare effects. In particular he has worked on the determinants of the social discount rate (SDR) and empirical measures of intergenerational and intra-generational fairness. At present he is working on several projects, looking at: the impact of different positions on intergenerational fairness on climate change policy; devising a new measure of economic performance that internalises inequality aversion; empirical measures of inequality aversion over environmental quality. Pr Groom’s work has fed into advice for international organisation such as the World Bank, the OECD, the Asian Development Bank and the WWF. He has also advised government in the UK, USA, Norway France, China and Pakistan on various aspects of environmental policy.

Xavier Labandeira is Professor of Public and Environmental Economics at the University of Vigo, Spain. In 2014-2017 he was the Director of the Florence School of Regulation Climate at the European University Institute, Italy, and in 2007-2009 he was in charge of the FEDEA Chair on Climate Change Economics. He is currently the director of Economics for Energy, a private research centre specialising in the analysis of energy issues. He is a member of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the elaboration of its Fifth and Sixth Assessment Reports. Since 2018 he has been a member of the EAERE’s Policy Outreach Committee. 

Aldo Ravazzi Douvan is Chief Economist, at DG Sustainable Development, EU & International Relations, Italian Ministry of Environment – Sogesid TA, President of the OECD Committee on Environmental Performance Country Reviews and Professor, Environment Global Governance, U. Tor Vergata Roma.  He is also Technical Secretary for the Italian Observatory for Sustainable Finance, the Italian Natural Capital Committee and the Italian Catalogue of Environmentally Harmful and Friendly Subsidies. Ravazzi is President of Green Budget Europe (network of experts on Ecological Tax Reform and Greening Budgets) and Vice-President of Plan Bleu, one the Regional Activity Centres of the Mediterranean Action Plan of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), put in place by France in 1977. He was coordinator for the G20 Peer Review of Fossil Fuel Subsidies for Italy 2018 and was President of the OECD Committees on Environmental taxation and Biodiversity, Water & Ecosystems.

Herman Vollebergh is professor of Economics and Environmental Policy at Tilburg University (Department of Economics, Tilburg Sustainability Centre and CentER) and Senior Research Fellow at the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. His current research covers a broad range of topics including the design and effects of market based incentive mechanisms, like taxation, subsidies and tradeable permits in the energy or waste market, (environmental) cost-benefit analysis, long run relationship between emissions and income, and the effect of environmental policy on technological change. Finally, he is strongly involved in applying his academic work to the policy community including the OECD, European Union and the Dutch government.

Martin L. Weitzman is Professor of Economics at Harvard University. Previously he was on the faculties of MIT and Yale. He has been elected as a fellow of the Econometric Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has published widely in many leading economic journals and written three books. Weitzman’s interests in economics are broad and he has served as consultant for several well-known organizations. His current research is focused on environmental economics, including climate change, the economics of catastrophes, cost-benefit analysis, long-run discounting, green accounting, biodiversity, and comparison of alternative instruments for controlling pollution.