Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Should I offset or should I plough? : voluntary carbon offsets and ETS in an evolutionary model

Companies with high emissions can offset their climate impact by participating in emission reduction projects through voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) in several countries. Firms...

Authors
Matteo Mazzarano Simone Borghesi MR SV
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
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Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

13 November 2026
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

07 October 2026 12:30
Autumn Policy Dialogues
07 October 2026 12:30
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More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Energy Regulation Academy

The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a 3-year capacity-building initiative to help accelerate the energy transition in Europe.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Annual Report

From insight to impact, the FSR Annual Report brings together stories and data from the past year, highlighting key milestones and reflecting on the lessons learned. It shows how FSR’s research, executive education, and policy debates have supported regulators, practitioners, and thought leaders in shaping effective policies and regulatory frameworks to advance the green transition — laying the groundwork for the path ahead towards a more sustainable and just future.

984
Publications
1.406
Blog posts
283
Training courses
12.718
Training participants
713
Policy Events
20.375
Event participants
80
FSR Policy Workshops
35
Research projects
Call to action

Annual Report 2025

The mission of the Florence School of Regulation is to combine academic excellence with a positive impact on policy and regulation. We started in Europe and are increasingly active at the world level with a focus on energy, climate, transport, water and waste.

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About FSR

The FSR Director, Leonardo Meeus introduces the school. The mission of the Florence School of Regulation is to develop and spread ideas that can improve policy and regulation. The FSR is a unique combination of a university research group, a think tank, and an executive education institute, started in Europe and increasingly active at the world level.

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FSR Policy Briefcase

The podcast series hosted by FSR Director, Leonardo Meeus and Research Associate James Kneebone aimed to unpack the complexities of European climate and energy policy with the authors of the FSR’s latest Policy Briefs.

Previous reports

2025
2024
2023
2022
2021

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