Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Should I offset or should I plough? : voluntary carbon offsets and ETS in an evolutionary model

Companies with high emissions can offset their climate impact by participating in emission reduction projects through voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) in several countries. Firms...

Authors
Matteo Mazzarano Simone Borghesi MR SV
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
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Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

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Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Energy Regulation Academy

The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a 3-year capacity-building initiative to help accelerate the energy transition in Europe.

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Leonardo Meeus

Director of the Florence School of Regulation
Dutch, English, French, Italian
Dutch, English, French, Italian

Biography

Leonardo Meeus is an academic who engages with EU policy and regulation, with a focus on the energy sector, and the space sector.

Leonardo is a professor at the European University Institute where he is the Director of the Florence School of Regulation and the Loyola de Palacio Chair in the Robert Schuman Centre. He is also a professor at KU Leuven, and an external faculty affiliate at the MIT Centre for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR).

Leonardo’s research evaluates policies and regulations by analysing their impact on the operational and investment decisions of market players. He uses optimisation models to study the costs and benefits of policies and regulations, and to understand their complex interactions. He published the open access book “The Evolution of Electricity Markets in Europe”.

Leonardo holds a master’s degree in business engineering (2002), and a PhD in engineering (2006) from KU Leuven.

Transparency & Independence

The FSR is committed to independence, integrity and transparency. In line with our Rules of Practice, all professors submit an annual Declaration of Interests to ensure that any potential conflicts — actual or perceived — are properly disclosed and managed.

View FSR Rules of Practice

Recent Publications

Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VR

Training courses

State Aid
Register by 20 Nov 2026
11 Jan 2027
Retail market reforms and consumer protection
Register by 15 Dec 2026
18 Jan 2027
Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms (CRM) and Non-Fossil Flexibility Support Schemes (NFFSS)
Register by 09 Oct 2026
09 Nov 2026
06 Oct 2026
27 Oct 2026
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