Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

The regulatory framework for independent aggregators

The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy Package (CEP). The CEP obliges all Member States to...

Authors
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Contribution to book
European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

15 September 2026 15:00

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Lights on Women

The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

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Workshop

Energy Network for the Green Transition

03 October 2025

This Workshop will look at the opportunities for streamlining and simplifying the EU network regulatory framework, at the most effective approach to enable efficient anticipatory investments, and at the regualtory approaches to electricity interconnectors with third countries.

EU energy grids play an essential role in supporting market integration, promoting competition and enabling the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (renewable-based electricity and renewable gases, including renewable hydrogen)[1]. Without investment in grid expansion, modernisation, digitalisation and flexibility, connection delays will increase, and renewables and electrification will stall. In May 2022, the Commission estimated that €584 billion in grid investments are needed before the end of this decade to meet the REPowerEU objectives.

Over the years, legislation has improved the framework for grid planning, development and operation. The 2013 Trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) Regulation[2] established a new legal framework for cross-border energy infrastructure, replacing the 2006 bottom-up approach, by focussing on European planning – through the TYNDPs and the identification of Projects of Common Interest (PCIs) – and tools – such as regional cooperation, permitting streamlining and the cross-border cost allocation (CBCA) – to enable their implementation. Following a full evaluation in 2020, the TEN-E Regulation was revised in 2022[3] to be aligned with the European Green Deal’s objectives. The main changes concerned removing fossil gas from the scope, including hydrogen infrastructure in its scope, as well as a strengthened focus on offshore grids to facilitate achieving the offshore ambitions set out in the EU offshore renewable strategy[4]. The TEN-E framework now also includes Projects of Mutual Interest (PMIs) – cross-border projects with neighbouring non-EU countries – alongside the PCIs.

However, the evolving geopolitical context and risks and the increasingly ambitious energy and climate targets call for a reassessment of the regulatory framework applicable to energy grids. For this purpose, from May to August this year, the European Commission run a public consultation on the legal framework for European grids. The feedback received will feed into the Commission’s work on the European Grids Package, as part of the Competitiveness Compass[5] for the EU and the Clean Industrial Deal[6], which is foreseen for publication before the end of 2025. The key objective of the European Grids Package will be to help upgrade and expand grids to support rapid electrification and speed up permitting

Against this background, this Workshop will cover three aspects aimed at enhancing the legal framework and the role of European energy grids.

  • Streamlining and simplifying the regulatory framework

Earlier in the year, the FSR published a Policy Brief on ‘Offshore wind energy in the North Seas: crafting collaboration and navigating governance’[7] and  a Policy Paper on ‘Trans-European energy networks (TEN-E) – ideas for simplification in view of accelerating project implementation’[8], providing suggestions for the review of the TEN-E Regulation, by focussing on the main priorities at the top of the Commission’s agenda, namely simplification as well as competitiveness and affordability. Those suggestions were elaborated keeping in mind the urgency to invest in grids as well as the good track-record of the TEN-E policy framework.

The European Parliament recently adopted an own-initiative report on ‘Electricity Grids: the backbone of the EU energy system’[9] that highlights the critical role of modernising EU’s grid infrastructure for the EU’s energy transition and security. The report also: (a) emphases the importance of grid resilience, of enhancing the regulatory framework and financing, and the role of anticipatory investments; (b) underlines the importance of local-level distribution grids and calls for a dedicated framework for their planning and financing; and (c) recommends making grid planning more efficient, taking into account the needs of sector integration at transmission and distribution levels.

At the same time, despite several PCIs having been implemented in the past decade, ACER’s monitoring report[10] highlights delays, both in project preparation (technical studies, financing) and permitting procedures. It is therefore important and urgent to look at the planning and regulatory frameworks from the perspective of speeding up implementation. Whilst synergies can be built in certain areas – e.g. for scenarios underpinning modelling -, in other areas the differences between the well-meshed electricity grid and the green field nature of both hydrogen and CO2 networks should be acknowledged.

  • Promoting efficiency in anticipatory investments

Anticipatory investments are forward-looking infrastructure investments based on identified medium- and long-term network needs. The lengthy timeframes traditionally required to develop grid projects might lead to significant delays in strengthening the energy networks and connecting new resources, which are instrumental to the energy transition, to the grid[11]. Therefore, now, more than ever, anticipatory investments are key not to delay the energy transition.

In June 2025, the Commission published a Notice on anticipatory investments for developing forward-looking electricity networks[12], to support Member States, national regulatory authorities and distribution and transmission system operators with recommendations for action in the whole process leading to a final investment decision. More specifically, the Notice covers and provides recommendations on a number of areas: (i) improvements in network planning to allow forward looking investment; (ii) the scrutiny regime for network development plans; (iii) allowing anticipatory investments while keeping electricity network tariffs and connection charges low; (iv) the regulatory scrutiny of network investments and incentives; (v) the perceived risks and risk mitigation strategies.

Previously, ACER and CEER published a Position Paper on anticipatory investment[13], highlighting, inter alia, that anticipatory approaches are already used in network planning in several Member States, that the regulatory treatment does not differentiate anticipatory investments from other investments, that planning activities help evaluating anticipatory investments and that there are limited coordination roles on anticipatory investments. The Position Paper also offered a number of recommendations.

  • Enabling energy interconnectors with third countries

The growing difficulty in building the renewable-based generation, necessary to support the decarbonisation process of the industrial sector, within the European Union, highlights the need to consider the opportunity to expand the geographical scope for the location of such generation to non-European regions. These regions are typically characterised by a better endowment of space, wind and solar resources and are therefore capable of providing energy production at competitive prices in the future.

In this context, some electricity interconnection projects have already been launched – both under the regulated and unregulated regimes – between countries in the Mediterranean basin, aiming at a deeper energy sector integration. This process can generate significant benefits both for the economic development of third countries and for the achievement of the EU’s climate objectives.

The European regulatory framework, extremely mature and detailed when it comes to interconnections between Member States, is still incomplete and not always clear with regard to integration with third countries, especially when these are implemented as merchant initiatives.

Furthermore, the rules that have stratified since the start of the liberalisation process do not fully take into account the needs of possible unregulated investments made by private operators who base their financing model on the cost competitiveness of generation outside the EU. These investments require a clear and stable framework for access to the European electricity network, so as to ensure the possibility of using long-term contracts (over a decade) with potential off-takers, and avoiding the risk of not being able to honour them due to physical or regulatory limitations in accessing the EU markets.

In July 2025, the Florence School of Regulation published a Research Report[14] on this topic, proposing different regulatory schemes which might serve as a blueprint for the regulatory framework for electricity interconnectors with third countries.

To discuss these three topics, the Workshop will be structured in three sessions:

  • Session I, in the morning, will look at the opportunities for streamlining and siplifying the TEN-E regulatory framework;
  • Session II, also in the morning, will focus on the most effective approach to enable efficient anticipatory investments,
  • Session III, in the afternoon, will discuss the regualtory approaches to electricity interconnectors with third countries outlined in the FSR Research Report.

Sustainability assessment

The FSR assesses the sustainability and carbon footprint of all its Workshops of the Regulatory Policy Workshop Series. This Workshop is run ‘in presence’ to promote more effective interaction and discussion. Participants travelling to Florence by car or by air will be encouraged to offset any carbon emissions related to their travel. It is considered that, in this way, a suitable balance is achieved between the effectiveness of the policy dialogue and the net carbon footprint of the event.

Gender equality statement of commitment

At FSR, we actively work to achieve gender-balanced representation at all of our events. As a platform that connects diverse voices and perspectives in the sector, we firmly value inclusive and gender-balanced panel debates and training courses.

 

Kindly note that this event is by invitation only.

 

 

  • [1] Commission Staff Working Document implementing the Repower EU Action Plan: Investment Needs, Hydrogen Accelerator and Achieving the Bio-Methane Targets accompanying the document Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, REPowerEU Plan, Brussels, 18.5.2022, SWD(2022)230 final.
  • [2] Regulation (EU) No 347/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2013 on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure and repealing Decision No 1364/2006/EC and amending Regulations (EC) No 713/2009, (EC) No 714/2009 and (EC) No 715/2009.
  • [3] Regulation (EU) 2022/869 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2022 on guidelines for trans-European energy infrastructure, amending Regulations (EC) No 715/2009, (EU) 2019/942 and (EU) 2019/943 and Directives 2009/73/EC and (EU) 2019/944, and repealing Regulation (EU) No 347/2013.
  • [4] Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, The European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, An EU Strategy to harness the potential of offshore renewable energy for a climate neutral future, Brussels, 19.11.2020, COM(2020) 741 final.
  • [5] https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness/competitiveness-compass_en.
  • [6] https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness/clean-industrial-deal_en.
  • [7] Leonardo Meeus, Offshore wind energy in the North Seas: crafting collaboration and navigating governance, FSR Policy Brief, issue 2025/02, January 2025.
  • [8] Catharina Sikow-Magny, Trans-European energy networks (TEN-E) – ideas for simplification in view of accelerating project implementation, FSR Policy Paper, RSC PP 2025/13, July 2025.
  • [9] European Parliament resolution of 19 June 2025 on electricity grids: the backbone of the EU energy system (2025/2006(INI)), available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-10-2025-0136_EN.html.
  • [10] Consolidated report on the progress of electricity and gas Projects of Common Interest, 2022; electricity infrastructure development to support a competitive and sustainable energy system, 2024
  • [11] For example, according to Wind Europe data, wind farms might have to wait as long as 9 years to get access to the network.
  • [12] C(2025) 3291 final. This notice defines anticipatory investment as “as investments into grid infrastructure assets that proactively address network development needs beyond the ones corresponding to reinforcements relating to currently existing grid connection requests by generation or demand projects” (page 3).
  • [13] ACER-CEER, Position on anticipatory investments, March 2024, available at: https://www.ceer.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ACER-CEER-Position-on-Anticipatory-Invesments.pdf.
  • [14] Alberto Pototschnig and Leonardo Meeus, The regulatory regime applicable to electricity interconnectors with third countries, Research Project Report, Florence School of Regulation, July 2025, available at: https://cadmus.eui.eu/server/api/core/bitstreams/bd9cf077-70df-4d45-95ff-cf8cd56b8e63/content.

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Workshop

Introduction to REMIT – Online Workshop

11 November 2026 9:15 - 15:15 CET

In this workshop, participants will explore the main concepts of the Regulation on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT) and their significance in ensuring fair and transparent wholesale energy markets. The programme will cover key topics, including the purpose, scope, and actors of REMIT, the concept of inside information and the prohibition of insider trading and market manipulation, with examples of manipulative practices. The main obligations established by REMIT on market participants and persons professionally arranging and executing transactions (PPAETs) will also be discussed. Through engaging discussions and practical insights, attendees will deepen their knowledge of the basics of market integrity and transparency principles and regulatory compliance.

The workshop is organised in the context of the training course REMIT and its implementation, but it’s also open to external participants. For the course participants, attendance at the workshop is optional and is included in the course fee.

 

Programme

9.15 – 9.30 Introduction to the workshop
Alberto Pototschnig | FSR

9.30 – 10.30 Introduction to REMIT: purpose, scope and actors
Alberto Pototschnig | FSR

10.30 – 10.45 Coffee break

10.45 – 11.45 Insider trading
Sofia Nicolai | FSR

11.45 – 12.00 Q&A

12.00 – 13.00 Lunch break

13.00 – 14.00 Market manipulation
Alberto Pototschnig | FSR

14.00 – 14.15 Coffee break

14.15 – 15.15 Introduction to REMIT obligations
Sofia Nicolai | FSR

 

Register by: 1 November 2026
10% discount available to all registrations completed by 1 September 2026!

 

Workshop fees:
  • General fee: 300 EUR
  • Associate donors fee (10%): 270 EUR
  • Major donors fee (20%): 240 EUR
  • Star donors fee (25%): 225 EUR

 

Learn more about the FSR-ACER residential course REMIT and its implementation in Florence, which covers the scope of the EU Regulation on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT) and the way in which it is implemented.

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Online Event, Workshop

Improving Climate Policies through Better Assessment and Public Acceptance Inclusion

30 October 2025

Achieving climate neutrality in the EU and globally requires ambitious and effective climate targets and the ability to implement widely accepted policies. The road to net-zero is hindered by fragmented policymaking, uneven public support, and limited tools to assess climate action’s broader social and political implications. Many existing assessments focus narrowly on effectiveness, overlooking critical dimensions like feasibility and public perception.

In this context, the Horizon Europe project CAPABLE aims to provide recommendations for designing socially and economically acceptable climate policy measures for 2030 and beyond. CAPABLE draws on economics, sociology, political science and psychology to capture climate policy’s multidimensional outcomes and implications.

This CAPABLE capacity-building workshop will share project findings for effective and acceptable climate policies at the European level. Organised online by the European University Institute (EUI) with contributions from leading experts in the CAPABLE consortium, it will focus on climate policies, their effectiveness and their acceptability. The lectures will be complemented with extensive question-and-answer sessions and some testimonials from practitioners.

Target audience:

Policymakers from EU institutions, national ministries, environmental agencies, industry executives, consultants, researchers and NGOs.

Learning outcomes:

  • Assess the effectiveness of the current and future EU climate policies
  • Grasp the potential and limits of different policy assessment methods
  • Understand determinants and factors that influence the acceptability of climate policies, and propose policy design features to make policies acceptable
  • Have an overview of the acceptability of newly implemented and potential climate policies, including the Fit for 55

Draft programme:

09:00 – 09:10 | Welcome & Introduction

09:10 – 10:40 | Module 1: EU Climate Policies and Their Effectiveness

  • Introduction to EU Climate Policies (Simone Borghesi, EUI)
  • Policy Assessment: What Works? (Kai Lessmann and Jan Minx, PIK and Marie Raude, EUI)

10:40 – 10:55 | Coffee Break

10:55 – 12:20 | Module 2: Acceptability of Climate Policies

  • Determinants of Public Acceptance of Climate Policies: A Multi-disciplinary Overview (Mary Sanford, CMCC/EIEE)
  • Social Acceptability and Feasibility of Fit-For-55 Policies (Keith Smith, ETH)

12:20 – 12:45 | Testimonial on science for European climate policies

  • Vicky Pollard, DG Climate Action, European Commission

12:45 – 12:50 | Conclusions

A second capacity-building workshop is scheduled on Thursday 27 November afternoon with a focus on climate policies at the local level. Click here to learn more about it.

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101056891.

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Workshop

Smartening the Energy Grids and Cybersecurity

16 May 2025

This workshop will explore grid-enhancing technologies and smart network solutions for EU transmission and distribution networks, and discuss how their adoption can be effectively and efficiently enabled. It will also examine the evolving cybersecurity framework resulting from the implementation of the NCCS.

 

Interconnected and stable energy networks are the backbone of the EU’s internal energy market and key enablers of the green transition. To help deliver the European Green Deal, the European Commission proposed a Grid Action Plan in November 2023 to ensure that EU electricity grids operate more efficiently and are deployed faster and more widely. The Commission estimates that €584 billion in investment will be needed in electricity grids this decade—representing a substantial share of the total investment required for a clean energy transition in the electricity sector.

The Action Plan highlights two areas for future focus: cross-border interconnections and national transmission and distribution grids. In particular, distribution networks will need to grow and evolve to accommodate increasing decentralised renewable generation and new flexible demand (e.g. heat pumps and electric vehicle charging). These grids are assuming new roles, becoming facilitators of a more complex system—and must evolve into smart grids: digital, real-time monitored, remotely controllable, and cybersecure. Research and innovation will be crucial in supporting this transformation, especially as around 40% of Europe’s distribution networks are over 40 years old and in need of modernisation. Industry estimates suggest that €375–425 billion in distribution grid investment will be needed by 2030.

Smart grids offer at least two major benefits. First, they make the system more flexible, supporting the energy transition at lower cost. In many cases, smarter solutions can even substitute for traditional capital investments in grid infrastructure. Second, smart grids enable better connection and management of flexible resources—critical for integrating increasing shares of intermittent renewables.

Smart solutions should become an integral part of network development planning at all levels. Network operators should be encouraged—and possibly incentivised—to adopt such solutions when they offer more cost-effective alternatives to conventional grid investments. Regulators should ensure that the regulatory framework does not inadvertently favour physical infrastructure over smart solutions, and may even promote the adoption of grid-enhancing technologies through targeted incentives.

However, smarter networks are more exposed to cybersecurity threats. A Network Code on Cybersecurity for the EU electricity network (NCCS), adopted in 2023, sets a European standard for the protection of cross-border electricity flows. It includes rules on risk assessment, minimum requirements, certification of cybersecurity products and services, as well as crisis management procedures.

Workshop Structure:

This Policy Workshop will explore grid-enhancing technologies and smart network solutions available for EU transmission and distribution systems, along with the regulatory and cybersecurity frameworks needed to enable their effective implementation. The programme will include:

  • Session I (morning): Focus on available technologies to enhance the performance of EU transmission and distribution networks, and how they can support integration of decentralised and flexible resources.

  • Session II (morning): Exploration of regulatory tools that could incentivise the adoption of smarter network solutions.

  • Session III (afternoon): Discussion on the main cybersecurity threats facing EU energy networks, and how the NCCS seeks to address them.

Sustainability Assessment:

The FSR evaluates the sustainability and carbon footprint of all events in its Regulatory Policy Workshop Series. This Workshop will be held in person to foster more effective dialogue. Participants travelling to Florence by car or air will be encouraged to offset the carbon emissions linked to their travel. This approach aims to strike a balance between the value of face-to-face engagement and the environmental impact of the event.

Please note that this event is by invitation only.

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Workshop

A Clean Industrial Deal for Europe

05 March 2025

In her Political Guidelines in July 2024 [1], Ursula von der Leyen committed to a Clean Industrial Deal to ensure a competitive EU industry and quality jobs as one of the new Commission’s objectives within its first 100 days. The Deal will focus “on supporting and creating the right conditions for companies to reach our common goals. This means simplifying, investing and ensuring access to cheap, sustainable and secure energy supplies and raw materials”.

The Clean Industrial Deal is expected to be tabled on 26 February 2025. Key areas anticipated in the Deal include a new industrial policy, simplification of administrative procedures, a revision of State aid rules, and measures to lower energy costs and improve the functioning of energy markets.

This workshop, taking place shortly after the Deal is introduced, will examine its proposed measures and assess how they address the challenges faced by EU industry, ensuring competitiveness and decarbonisation. Discussions will also consider the broader geopolitical landscape, particularly the potential withdrawal of the US from the Paris Agreement and China’s strategic investments in Green Deal markets.

The event is by invitation only.

 

A plan for EU competitiveness and decarbonisation

Learn more about the Clean Industrial Deal

 

 

[1] Available at: https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/e6cd4328-673c-4e7a-8683-f63ffb2cf648_en?filename=Political%20Guidelines%202024-2029_EN.pdf

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Workshop

A target model for hydrogen

24 January 2025

FSR Regulatory Policy Workshop Series 2024-2025

The Workshop will consider whether a target model for hydrogen could be defined, which could serve as a reference for the development of the hydrogen market and the related infrastructure requirements.

For this purpose, the Workshop will be structured in three sessions:

  • Session I, in the morning, will focus on the prospects for hydrogen demand and supply, the cost competitiveness of renewable and low-carbon hydrogen and the role that it can play in decarbonising energy demand;
  • Session II, also in the morning, will explore which market design and trading arrangements are best suited to support the development of the hydrogen sector, as resulting from the previous session;
  • Session III, in the afternoon, will look at the implications of the development of demand and supply and the market design and trading arrangements outlined in the previous sessions, for the development of the hydrogen network.

This workshop is by invitation only.

Sustainability assessment

The FSR assesses the sustainability and carbon footprint of all its Workshops of the Regulatory Policy Workshop Series. This Workshop is run mainly ‘in presence’, with some exceptions for participation through internet-based remote connection. It is expected that most participants will join the Workshop in Florence to take advantage of the opportunity for more effective interaction and discussion. Those participants joining the event in Florence will be encouraged to offset any carbon emissions related to their air travel. It is considered that, in this way, a suitable balance is achieved between the effectiveness of the policy dialogue and the net carbon footprint of the event.

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Workshop

Spring Policy Dialogues

From 14 May 2025 to 16 May 2025

Join us in Florence for 3 days of in-person events where we will convene our donors and renowned experts from across the sector. 

A detailed agenda with discussion topics and speakers will follow. In the meantime, here is a list of events that will take place during 14-16 May 2025: 

Wednesday, 14 May 

Policy Advisory Council – Part 1 

The Policy Advisory Council discusses the most topical regulatory and policy issues and debates and the relevance and robustness of the latest FSR research findings. The meeting gathers experts from the European Commission, the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER), the FSR Energy Star and Major Donors and invited renowned academics. 

Thursday, 15 May 

Policy Advisory Council – Part 2 

7th meeting of the Equality Platform for the Energy Sector 

The Platform is a European Commission-led initiative that currently includes 38 members from the energy sector, including the Florence School of Regulation. 

Established in October 2021, the platform serves as a dedicated forum for addressing equality-related matters, fostering the exchange of experiences, and championing best practices concerning diversity and inclusion in the energy sector workplace. 

The meeting is open for Platform members only. For further information and details on becoming a member, please visit the Platform’s webpage.  

LUCE Awards 2025 

The LUCE Awards, organised by the Lights on Women initiative with the support of Landwärme, Edison, and Eurogas, aims to recognise the significant contributions of women in driving the Green Transition. 

Now in its third edition, LUCE Awards will celebrate the accomplishments of two women professionals, presenting a prize in each of the following categories: 

  • Emerging Talent. The Emerging Talent category aims to recognise contributions of up-and-coming female leaders. 
  • Legacy Women. The Legacy Women category will honour senior female professionals working to further the Green Transition worldwide. 

LEARN MORE AND REGISTER

Watch the highlights from the first and second editions.  

Friday, 16 May 

Regulatory Policy Workshop  

A full-day policy workshop directed by Alberto Pototschnig, FSR Executive Deputy Director, titled “Smartening the Energy Grids and Cybersecurity”. The workshop will consist of a series of seminars led by topic experts with opportunities for intervention from participants. 

Learn more

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Conference, Workshop

Can emissions trading promote carbon removals?

12 November 2024

Removing greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere is essential to maintaining the temperature increase below 2 degrees above the pre-industrial levels. However, a policy gap exists in incentivising investment in carbon removal technologies. Since emissions trading systems are considered a cost-effective solution to drive technological change, can emissions trading promote carbon removals?? How can carbon removals fit into a climate policy mix that targets net zero emissions?

These and other questions will be addressed during the panel discussion “Can emission trading systems be employed to promote carbon removals?” on Tuesday 12 November from 09:30 to 11:00 AZT at the Italian Pavilion of the 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) in Baku, Azerbaijan.

Chair and Introduction:

  • Simone Borghesi,  FSR Climate, EAERE & University of Siena

Panel Discussion:

  • Robert Jeszke, KOBIZE
  • Luca Taschini, University of Edinburgh
  • Stephanie La Hoz Theuer, ICAP
  • Lorna Ritchie, ICVCM

Concluding Remarks:

  • Ottmar Edenhofer, PIK & MCC

 

The event is organised by the EUI with the support of ICAP and is held in the framework of the project LIFE COASE.

Dive deeper into the topic:

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Workshop

Renewables Penetration and System Flexibility

29 November 2024

FSR Regulatory Policy Workshop Series 2024-2025

This workshop is by invitation only

Sustainability assessment

The FSR assesses the sustainability and carbon footprint of all its Workshops of the Regulatory Policy Workshop Series. This Workshop is run mainly ‘in presence’, with some exceptions for participation through internet-based remote connection. It is expected that most participants will join the Workshop in Florence to take advantage of the opportunity for more effective interaction and discussion. Those participants joining the event in Florence will be encouraged to offset any carbon emissions related to their air travel. It is considered that, in this way, a suitable balance is achieved between the effectiveness of the policy dialogue and the net carbon footprint of the event.

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Workshop

Policy Advisory Council 2024

28 November 2024

The Policy Advisory Council discusses the most topical regulatory and policy issues and debates and the relevance and robustness of the latest FSR research findings. The meeting gathers experts from the European Commission, the EU Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER), the FSR Energy Star and Major Donors and invited renowned academics

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Conference, Seminar, Workshop

Workshop on the role of carbon markets in reaching carbon neutrality

From 17 June 2024 to 21 June 2024

As the number of carbon markets grows, the long-term contribution of market-based instruments to reach carbon neutrality by 2050 should be further assessed. In general, the size, scope, parameters, and prices of Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) vary and evolve depending on the social, economic, political, and legal context of each jurisdiction. All these aspects of regulated carbon markets are to be considered by policymakers. To tackle challenges, regulators may find insights from new scientific evidence.

This workshop aims to collect insights from policy-relevant research on recent trends in carbon markets, with a particular focus on the EU ETS. It will address topics such as future allowance prices, scope expansion of ETSs and market oversight, among others. Furthermore, it will focus on the methodologies used to assess ETSs (i.e., ex-post and ex-ante model-based assessments) and their results.

The 3-day event will comprise a keynote lecture, paper presentations, a policy roundtable and a guest lecture.

It is organised by FSR Climate under the framework of the LIFE COASE project, which is co-funded by the European Union’s Life Programme. The workshop combines the ex-post and the ex-ante model based assessment of ETSs and will take place during the Joint Session of Workshops of the Robert Schuman Centre in the context of the 30 anniversary of the Centre.

Participation in the event is via invitation only. Find out more about the programme of the Joint Session of Workshops here.

 

Programme

18 June 

 10:00-10:45 Introduction, Tour de Table, Ice Breaker 

 11:15-12:05 Keynote speech: The merits and shortcomings of the EU carbon markets 

  • Sonja Peterson | Kiel Institute for the World Economy 

 12:15-13:00 Session 1: Chinese National ETS Model 

China’s national ETS price outlook: long-term forecast and policy scenarios [Introduction]

  • Boyang Jin | London Stock Exchange Group 

14:00-15:30 Session 2: EU ETS Models 

Economic interaction between climate policy instruments [Abstract]

  • Jakub Boratyński | KOBiZE 

 Sequencing CDR into the EU ETS [Abstract]

  • Sebastian Osorio | Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research 

 16:00-17:10 ETS Model Comparison 

  • Sebastian Osorio 

 

19 June 

10:00-11:30 Session 3: Carbon leakage 

Carbon border adjustments: an examination of the direct and indirect effects of the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) 

  • Antton Haramboure |Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 

 Carbon prices, emissions and international trade in sectors at risk of carbon leakage: evidence from 140 countries [Abstract] 

  • Jonas Teusch | OECD

 12:00-13:30 Session 4: Carbon pricing and firm behaviour 

The effects of carbon pricing along the production network [Abstract]

  • Thomas Stoerk | National Bank of Belgium & LSE 

 Realist analysis of UK ETS trading and abatement behaviour [Introduction]

  • Mary Anderson | CAG Consultants 

 14:30-15:30 Policy panel: ETS Endgame – Including new sectors and removals ETSs 

  • Edoardo Croci | Bocconi University 
  • Sebastian Osorio | Potsdam-Institute for Climate Impact Research 
  • Elena Marro | European University Institute 

 16:00-17:30 Session 5: Beyond the EU ETS: Offsets & China ETS Policy Overlap 

Willingness-to-claim voluntary carbon offsets: market evidence of revealed-preferences [Abstract]

  • Tara L’Horty | Université de Lorraine 

 Interactions between emissions trading systems and other policies: insights from theory and an application to China [Abstract]

  • Carolyn Fischer | World Bank 

 

20 June 

09:15-11:30 Session 6: Decarbonising industry and agriculture 

Steel in the EU CBAM: will scrap-resource shuffling delay the sector’s global decarbonization? [Abstract]

  • Maxime Gérardin | France Stratégie 

 Market design options for integrating negative emissions into the ETS [Introduction]

  • Carlotta Von Bebenburg | Oxera 

 Options to expand emissions trading to emissions from agriculture in Europe [Abstract]

  • Benjamin Görlach | Ecologic Institute 

 12:00-13:30 Session 7: Legislation for carbon pricing 

The integration of negative emissions in the EU legislation [Introduction]

  • Elena Bonfiglio | European Roundtable on Climate Change and Sustainable Transition 

 Enhancing climate policies through the implementation of regulated carbon markets in Brazil: reflecting on strategies for closing the policy-science loop [Introduction]

  • Adriana I. B. S. L. Di Pasquale | University of Pisa 

 14:30-15:30 Guest lecture: Stopping climate change 

Paul Ekins | UCL 

 16:00-17:30 General discussion & conclusions 

17.30 Close 

 

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Workshop

FSR Alumni Day – 2nd edition

25 October 2024

Following the success of the first edition, we are delighted to announce the 2nd FSR Alumni Day. This event will offer former alumni a unique opportunity to reconnect and stay updated on the latest policy developments in fields they previously studied.

An annual event in Florence to welcome the Alumni community

Since its establishment in 2004, the FSR has been training more than 10.000 participants. In 2014, the FSR launched its first online course and since then, more than 60 online courses have been welcoming energy professionals and academics from worldwide.

To hear back from our community of Alumni and celebrate their successful paths, we designed a special event gathering participants from all our courses, course directors, instructors, and coordinators in a friendly atmosphere to offer an additional learning experience.

Another step in your professional path

You will have the chance to network while you get up to speed on the latest developments in your area of expertise. The format will include a keynote address from the European Commission, insights from your peers, working groups (details below), networking activities and a cocktail reception.

“An Incentive Scheme for Developing a European Hydrogen Industry”

Course Directors: Ilaria Conti and James Kneebone

The integration of renewable and low-carbon gases into Europe’s energy mix has become a priority for the European Union and national governments. However, there are differing views about how to fairly and efficiently achieve this.

For example, fostering the development of the hydrogen industry may require significant subsidies, and/or its cross-subsidisation by current gas market players and consumers, with a long-term impact. However, this approach would not only involve a burden for consumers or taxpayers but may lead to stranded assets. Furthermore, there are ongoing technology races between clean hydrogen and other decarbonisation options in many of the most likely use cases, for example in high-temperature heat or transportation. Given the limited public resources of the EU and Member States, investing in one technology will come at the cost of supporting other solutions.

Given all of these variables and more, how should the EU go about supporting the ramp-up of clean hydrogen? On what grounds should it be justified? And what are the most efficient and lowest-risk options available?

Should renewable energy characteristics drive electricity market re-design?

Course Directors: Lena Kitzing, Mario Ragwitz

Renewable energy will become the backbone of the European energy system. There is presently an intense debate, whether or not current electricity market design accommodates the characteristics of renewable energy technologies properly, for example regarding generation patterns, supply-demand dependencies, flexibility and financing needs for investment. This session will discuss the question how a better match between renewable energy characteristics and electricity market design can be achieved. Should it be by re-designing electricity markets to accommodate these new characteristics, should it be by adapting renewable energy projects so they can better integrate into existing markets, should it be a combination of both, or something completely different? We will go into depth with the topic of market integration, and discuss how to increasingly facilitate efficient layouting and operational decisions by renewable energy projects, increasing flexibility provision. We will explore smart design of long-term contracts and support schemes including sector coupling options to increase the market value of variable renewable technologies. We will also explore how multi-criteria selection of projects that consider system and market integration. Finally, we will explore if smart electricity market re-designs can alleviate some of the existing market integration issues that renewable energy technologies currently face. We will emphasise the interplay between policy design for renewable energy and electricity market design, and also explore the coupling to other energy markets.

Offshore systems: current challenges and comparison with onshore systems

Course Directors: Tim Schittekatte, Ellen Beckstedde

The EU Wind Power Action Plan acknowledges the importance of offshore systems to reach the European Union’s ambitions to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. The rapid growth and specific nature of offshore systems bring new challenges compared to how we traditionally design electricity markets. While the Electricity Market Design proposal includes some fundamental principles on the market design of offshore systems, open issues remain about the implementation of offshore bidding zones and the allocation of congestion rents between stakeholders. Also the interaction of these mechanisms with long-term instruments, such as power purchase agreements (PPAs) and contracts for difference (CfDs), remains unclear. In this session, participants will learn about the ongoing challenges in offshore systems and the proposed solutions. Using interactive poll discussions, participants will be engaged to think and share about some of these open issues. Furthermore, a comparison will be made with the onshore market design. As a result, participants will learn why some of the proposed solutions in offshore market design might be seen as experiments to the way we traditionally design electricity markets in onshore systems.

What comes after the European Green Deal? Europe’s New Competitiveness Deal and its effects on EU climate and energy policy

Course Directors: Nicolò Rossetto, Torbjørg Jevnaker

Competitiveness of Europe’s economy is set to take centre stage among the EU’s priorities for the next five years. Following calls from several stakeholders, including energy intensive industries and business associations, the European Council in April 2024 announced a new European Competitiveness Deal, suggesting that this will be put at the core of the European Strategic Agenda for 2024-2029. The European Council called for work to be taken forward decisively and swiftly on the key competitiveness drivers. The latter included an industrial policy that decarbonises Europe’s industry in a competitive manner; achieving a genuine energy union by securing the supply of abundant, affordable and clean energy to pursue European energy sovereignty and climate neutrality; and efforts at increasing circularity and resource efficiency.
The next European Commission is expected to develop an overarching initiative in the months after the June 2024 European Parliament elections. While details will emerge only in the coming months, there is already growing interest on the relation between such a new initiative and the European Green Deal (EGD). The latter was one of the main priorities of the 2019-2024 European Commission, aiming at putting the EU on a robust path towards climate neutrality by 2050. By consistently developing a broad number of legislative proposals that covered multiple policy areas, the Commission claimed in the EGD the possibility to achieve a transition towards an environmentally sustainable energy system that is compatible with a secure and competitive energy supply and that does not leave anyone behind. Although it is difficult and probably too early to assess whether the EGD has delivered on its promises, it is apparent that more attention is needed to the link between the energy transition and competitiveness, also considering that energy prices in Europe are high according to international standards. Similarly, the EU’s increasing emphasis on strategic autonomy points towards the need to avoid external dependencies for strategic resources, such as energy and critical materials, which can undermine Union’s security in a more turbulent world.
In this session, participants will learn about the role of the EU’s overarching strategic priorities for the development of energy and climate policy initiatives in the next political cycle. Participants will have the opportunity to discuss how the energy transition in Europe will be affected by a more competitiveness-oriented agenda, and how this builds on or departs from the EU Green Deal. Polls will be used to engage participants and facilitate an exchange of views and national experiences. As a result, participants will not only become more aware of the multiple objectives and tensions associated with the different goals of energy and climate policies, but also learn how, in some circumstances, it is possible to deal with those tensions successfully.

Event Details:

  • Event Fee: 250€
  • Registration Deadline: 6 October 2024

 

Additional Information:

The event will be held exclusively in a residential format, allowing for a limited number of participants. Admission will be granted on a first-come, first-served basis.

 

Directions to reach the venue

The EUI Badia is easily reachable by taxi from Florence centre or from Fiesole (about 20€) and from Florence Airport (about 35€).

If you prefer public transport (ticket 1,50€ to be bought in official ticket offices, machines and authorised retailers that display the Autolinee Toscane sticker): take bus line number 7 from the center, the main railway station or from Fiesole, and get off at the stop ‘San Domenico 01’ (map) From there walk to our main building, Badia Fiesolana (map).

 

Logistic info

Please arrange your travel and accommodation as soon as possible as Florence is very popular. Paid registration fee is non-refundable. Please note that the course fee does not cover travel and accommodation costs.

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