Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Reforming retail electricity rates to facilitate economy-wide decarbonization

Deep decarbonization of the economy depends heavily on the decarbonization of the electricity sector and the electrification of several key end-use sectors. Decarbonization of...

Authors
Tim Schittekatte DM PLJ RS
Article
Kickstarting carbon capture and storage adoption : tailoring subsidies to emitters’ needs
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Article
The enlightening blackout in Spain
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

08 February 2027
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

01 September 2026 10:00
Biogases and Biomethane in the EU
16 September 2026 09:00
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Implementing Single Ticketing
25 September 2026 09:00
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More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Lights on Women

The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Energy

Energy & Climate carries out applied research, training courses and policy dialogue impacting policy-makers, stakeholders and consumers.

Blog posts

Climate
Jul 29, 2026
Opinion
Energy and Climate policies: sharing knowledge across the Atlantic
For decades, the US and Europe have influenced each other’s energy and climate policies. Looking back, what are some ideas that successfully travell...
Energy and Climate policies: sharing knowledge across the Atlantic
AI and electricity
Jul 28, 2026
Topic of the Month
The AI Act in the electricity sector
Artificial intelligence (AI) can support the development of new tools to improve the functioning of the electricity system, increasing its efficiency ...
The AI Act in the electricity sector
Energy
Jul 28, 2026
FSR Law Blog
Digitalising Europe’s Electricity Grids: The Commission’s Proposal for Smart Grid Indicators, Data Exchange and AI
On 17 July 2026, the European Commission published a proposal for amending the EU Electricity Market Regulation (EMR). Among a diversity of subjects, ...
Digitalising Europe’s Electricity Grids: The Commission’s Proposal for Smart Grid Indicators, Data Exchange and AI
Energy
Jul 22, 2026
Scholarship
Bridging Engineering and Policy: Insights from Chile
Sebastian Arroyo Klein works as an analyst at Chile’s Ministry of Energy, where he focuses on reforms to electricity distribution regulation, an...
Bridging Engineering and Policy: Insights from Chile
AI and electricity
Jul 20, 2026
Topic of the Month
Energy Data for AI Models
The development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) depend on access to large volumes of high-quality data,[1] as well as on addressing the...
Energy Data for AI Models
AI and electricity
Jul 14, 2026
Topic of the Month
What does the Strategic Roadmap mean for the deployment of AI in the energy sector?
In this second instalment of the Topic of the Month, we explore three questions: (1) where could Artificial Intelligence (AI) be deployed across the.....
What does the Strategic Roadmap mean for the deployment of AI in the energy sector?
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Events

Conference
Oct 07, 2026
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
The European University Institute (EUI)’s Florence School of Regulation (FSR) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Center for Ene...
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
Workshop
Oct 09, 2026
Electrifying European Energy Demand
The 2020 Energy System Integration Strategy identified electrification, based on renewable electricity, as one of the three complementary and mutually...
Electrifying European Energy Demand
Online Debate
Dec 08, 2026
Overview of Recent Energy Case Law from the CJEU, December 2026
The FSR Law Area will provide a comprehensive review of the most significant energy cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union...
Overview of Recent Energy Case Law from the CJEU, December 2026
Conference
Nov 30, 2026
Call for papers for the 2026 FSR Climate Annual Conference
The Climate Area of the Florence School of Regulation (FSR) is pleased to announce its 12th Annual Conference on the Economic Assessment of European.....
Call for papers for the 2026 FSR Climate Annual Conference
Executive Training Seminar
Sep 01, 2026
From the Space Economy to Space Economics
Space technologies are being woven into every sector of the economy at an unprecedented pace, creating impacts that ripple across infrastructure, gove...
From the Space Economy to Space Economics
Workshop
Oct 15, 2026
Enabling biomethane deployment through policy and regulation
This online workshop will provide policymakers with a structured overview of how biomethane policy frameworks are evolving in Europe. It will focus on...
Enabling biomethane deployment through policy and regulation
All Events results

Publications

Publication
Date: Jun 22, 2026
Technical Report
Managing market tightness in the EU ETS on the path to net-zero : design options and trade-offs in price-based supply adjustments
The EU ETS is approaching a structural transition. As the linear reduction factor tightens the cap toward...
Marie Raude Simone Borghesi
Publication
Date: Jun 9, 2026
Article
Industrial decarbonization in a fragmented world : carbon pricing with border adjustments using standardized values
The European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has the dual objective of preventing carbon leakage...
Simone Borghesi Pedro Linares KN MS FB CB AC TD BF RI AJ SM SP AP PQ KER AS HVA LZ
Publication
Date: May 4, 2026
Policy Paper
International carbon credits in the EU : ensuring flexibility without undermining credibility
The EU is currently reviewing its post-2030 climate policy framework, including the potential use of...
Marie Raude Lea Heinrich Jacopo Cammeo Alessia Casamassima Simone Borghesi
Publication
Date: Apr 28, 2026
Technical Report
A study on consumer protection during gas phase-out
The EU aims to reach climate neutrality by 2050, which means phasing out almost all fossil fuels and shifting...
Lucila de Almeida Sergio Ascari James Kneebone Alessandra Porcari Alberto Pototschnig Marzia Sesini
Publication
Date: Apr 22, 2026
Working Paper
Compensation mechanisms to mitigate the market risk in offshore bidding zones
The latest European electricity market design reform introduced a compensation mechanism for wind producers...
Nathan Giovannini Leonardo Meeus
Publication
Date: Mar 31, 2026
Policy Paper
Proposal for reviewing the Regulation on trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) : assessment and recommendations
Energy networks play an essential role in enabling competition, thus improving energy affordability, and in...
Ronnie Belmans Alberto Pototschnig ECSM
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People

Electricity
Leonardo Meeus
Director of the Florence School of Regulation
Leonardo Meeus Photo
Energy
Nadia Horstmann
Part-time Professor
Nadia Horstmann Photo
Energy
Clara Poletti
Part-time Professor
Clara Poletti Photo
Energy
Alberto Pototschnig
Executive Deputy Director, World of Practice
Alberto Pototschnig Photo
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