Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

The regulatory framework for independent aggregators

The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy Package (CEP). The CEP obliges all Member States to...

Authors
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Contribution to book
European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

13 November 2026
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

15 September 2026 15:00
Biogases and Biomethane in the EU
16 September 2026 09:00
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Implementing Single Ticketing
25 September 2026 09:00
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More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Lights on Women

The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Energy

Energy & Climate carries out applied research, training courses and policy dialogue impacting policy-makers, stakeholders and consumers.

Blog posts

Energy
Sep 8, 2026
Opinion
Gas security across the Atlantic: two models of resilience
Given the structural differences between the European and US gas markets, what lessons could each side of the Atlantic draw from the other on...
Gas security across the Atlantic: two models of resilience
Climate
Aug 25, 2026
Climate action across the Atlantic: A shared agenda for the future
Looking ahead, where could transatlantic cooperation make the biggest difference in addressing climate change, despite and beyond the current US admin...
Climate action across the Atlantic: A shared agenda for the future
Climate
Jul 29, 2026
Opinion
Energy and Climate policies: sharing knowledge across the Atlantic
For decades, the US and Europe have influenced each other’s energy and climate policies. Looking back, what are some ideas that successfully travell...
Energy and Climate policies: sharing knowledge across the Atlantic
AI and electricity
Jul 28, 2026
Topic of the Month
The AI Act in the electricity sector
Artificial intelligence (AI) can support the development of new tools to improve the functioning of the electricity system, increasing its efficiency ...
The AI Act in the electricity sector
Energy
Jul 28, 2026
FSR Law Blog
Digitalising Europe’s Electricity Grids: The Commission’s Proposal for Smart Grid Indicators, Data Exchange and AI
On 17 July 2026, the European Commission published a proposal for amending the EU Electricity Market Regulation (EMR). Among a diversity of subjects, ...
Digitalising Europe’s Electricity Grids: The Commission’s Proposal for Smart Grid Indicators, Data Exchange and AI
Energy
Jul 22, 2026
Scholarship
Bridging Engineering and Policy: Insights from Chile
Sebastian Arroyo Klein works as an analyst at Chile’s Ministry of Energy, where he focuses on reforms to electricity distribution regulation, an...
Bridging Engineering and Policy: Insights from Chile
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Events

Conference
Oct 07, 2026
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
The European University Institute (EUI)’s Florence School of Regulation (FSR) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Center for Ene...
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
Special Event
Sep 15, 2026
Energy Regulation Academy
The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a three-year initiative funded by the European Union through the Technical Support Instrument and implemented ...
Energy Regulation Academy
Policy Dialogue
Oct 07, 2026
Autumn Policy Dialogues
Over three days in Florence, the Autumn Policy Dialogues will bring together FSR donors and renowned experts from across the sector.  A detailed agen...
Autumn Policy Dialogues
Conference
Nov 30, 2026
Call for papers for the 2026 FSR Climate Annual Conference
The Climate Area of the Florence School of Regulation (FSR) is pleased to announce its 12th Annual Conference on the Economic Assessment of European.....
Call for papers for the 2026 FSR Climate Annual Conference
Policy Dialogue
Oct 09, 2026
Electrifying European Energy Demand
The 2020 Energy System Integration Strategy identified electrification, based on renewable electricity, as one of the three complementary and mutually...
Electrifying European Energy Demand
Online Debate
Dec 08, 2026
Overview of Recent Energy Case Law from the CJEU, December 2026
The FSR Law Area will provide a comprehensive review of the most significant energy cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union...
Overview of Recent Energy Case Law from the CJEU, December 2026
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Publications

Publication
Date: Sep 8, 2026
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy...
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Publication
Date: Sep 7, 2026
Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
In July 2026, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal to amend the Electricity Market...
Ellen Beckstedde Lucila de Almeida Max Münchmeyer Sofia Nicolai Alessandra Porcari Alberto Pototschnig Nicolò Rossetto
Publication
Date: Sep 1, 2026
Contribution to book
European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world
The need to fight global warming is urgent, since it brings catastrophic and often unjust impacts, while...
Jacopo Cammeo Albert Ferrari Simone Borghesi JD MH HM AS IA
Publication
Date: Aug 20, 2026
Contribution to book
Domestic acceptability as a condition for ambitious climate policies
Europe aims to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Today, the European Union Emissions Trading...
Simone Borghesi Albert Ferrari Lea Heinrich
Publication
Date: Aug 19, 2026
Article
EU contract case law, July-December 2025
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European...
Lucila de Almeida FE MG
Publication
Date: Jun 22, 2026
Technical Report
Managing market tightness in the EU ETS on the path to net-zero : design options and trade-offs in price-based supply adjustments
The EU ETS is approaching a structural transition. As the linear reduction factor tightens the cap toward...
Marie Raude Simone Borghesi
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People

Electricity
Leonardo Meeus
Director of the Florence School of Regulation
Leonardo Meeus Photo
Energy
Nadia Horstmann
Part-time Professor
Nadia Horstmann Photo
Energy
Clara Poletti
Part-time Professor
Clara Poletti Photo
Energy
Alberto Pototschnig
Executive Deputy Director, World of Practice
Alberto Pototschnig Photo
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