Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

The regulatory framework for independent aggregators

The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy Package (CEP). The CEP obliges all Member States to...

Authors
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Contribution to book
European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

13 November 2026
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

22 September 2026 15:00
Implementing Single Ticketing
25 September 2026 09:00
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More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Energy Regulation Academy

The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a 3-year capacity-building initiative to help accelerate the energy transition in Europe.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Energy

Energy & Climate carries out applied research, training courses and policy dialogue impacting policy-makers, stakeholders and consumers.

Blog posts

Video
Sep 15, 2026
Power Purchase Agreements - Aliénor Cameron - EnRA Lectures
This lecture introduces Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), an increasingly important tool for financing renewable energy in Europe. It explains how PPA...
Power Purchase Agreements - Aliénor Cameron - EnRA Lectures
Climate
Sep 15, 2026
News
The 2026 MSR reform proposals: does it change what the mechanism can see or do?
The 2026 MSR reform proposals: does it change what the mechanism can see or do? Since Phase IV’s current rules took effect, the Commission...
The 2026 MSR reform proposals: does it change what the mechanism can see or do?
Energy
Sep 8, 2026
Opinion
Gas security across the Atlantic: two models of resilience
Given the structural differences between the European and US gas markets, what lessons could each side of the Atlantic draw from the other on...
Gas security across the Atlantic: two models of resilience
Video
Sep 4, 2026
Contracts for differences - Aliénor Cameron - EnRA Lectures
This lecture explores Contracts for Difference (CfDs), a key instrument for supporting renewable energy investment in Europe. It explains why renewabl...
Contracts for differences - Aliénor Cameron - EnRA Lectures
Climate
Aug 25, 2026
Climate action across the Atlantic: A shared agenda for the future
Looking ahead, where could transatlantic cooperation make the biggest difference in addressing climate change, despite and beyond the current US admin...
Climate action across the Atlantic: A shared agenda for the future
Climate
Jul 29, 2026
Opinion
Energy and Climate policies: sharing knowledge across the Atlantic
For decades, the US and Europe have influenced each other’s energy and climate policies. Looking back, what are some ideas that successfully travell...
Energy and Climate policies: sharing knowledge across the Atlantic
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Events

Online Debate
Sep 28, 2026
Fostering grid data exchange and reuse for AI models: yes, but how?
The introduction of a new Article 18a in the Electricity Market Regulation, as recently proposed by the European Commission, aims to foster the digita...
Fostering grid data exchange and reuse for AI models: yes, but how?
Conference
Oct 07, 2026
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
The European University Institute (EUI)’s Florence School of Regulation (FSR) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Center for Ene...
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
Special Event
Sep 15, 2026
Energy Regulation Academy
The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a three-year initiative funded by the European Union through the Technical Support Instrument and implemented ...
Energy Regulation Academy
Policy Dialogue
Oct 07, 2026
Autumn Policy Dialogues
Over three days in Florence, the Autumn Policy Dialogues will bring together FSR donors and renowned experts from across the sector.  A detailed agen...
Autumn Policy Dialogues
Conference
Nov 30, 2026
Call for papers for the 2026 FSR Climate Annual Conference
The Climate Area of the Florence School of Regulation (FSR) is pleased to announce its 12th Annual Conference on the Economic Assessment of European.....
Call for papers for the 2026 FSR Climate Annual Conference
Policy Dialogue
Oct 09, 2026
Electrifying European Energy Demand
The 2020 Energy System Integration Strategy identified electrification, based on renewable electricity, as one of the three complementary and mutually...
Electrifying European Energy Demand
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Publications

Publication
Date: Sep 8, 2026
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy...
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Publication
Date: Sep 7, 2026
Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
In July 2026, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal to amend the Electricity Market...
Ellen Beckstedde Lucila de Almeida Max Münchmeyer Sofia Nicolai Alessandra Porcari Alberto Pototschnig Nicolò Rossetto
Publication
Date: Sep 1, 2026
Contribution to book
European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world
The need to fight global warming is urgent, since it brings catastrophic and often unjust impacts, while...
Jacopo Cammeo Albert Ferrari Simone Borghesi JD MH HM AS IA
Publication
Date: Aug 20, 2026
Contribution to book
Domestic acceptability as a condition for ambitious climate policies
Europe aims to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Today, the European Union Emissions Trading...
Simone Borghesi Albert Ferrari Lea Heinrich
Publication
Date: Aug 19, 2026
Article
EU contract case law, July-December 2025
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European...
Lucila de Almeida FE MG
Publication
Date: Jun 22, 2026
Technical Report
Managing market tightness in the EU ETS on the path to net-zero : design options and trade-offs in price-based supply adjustments
The EU ETS is approaching a structural transition. As the linear reduction factor tightens the cap toward...
Marie Raude Simone Borghesi
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People

Electricity
Leonardo Meeus
Director of the Florence School of Regulation
Leonardo Meeus Photo
Energy
Nadia Horstmann
Part-time Professor
Nadia Horstmann Photo
Energy
Clara Poletti
Part-time Professor
Clara Poletti Photo
Energy
Alberto Pototschnig
Executive Deputy Director, World of Practice
Alberto Pototschnig Photo
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