Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

A study on consumer protection during gas phase-out

The EU aims to reach climate neutrality by 2050, which means phasing out almost all fossil fuels and shifting to renewable energy. As a...

Working Paper
Compensation mechanisms to mitigate the market risk in offshore bidding zones
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Policy Paper
Proposal for reviewing the Regulation on trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) : assessment and recommendations
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

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Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Lights on Women

The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

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Forum

Single Digital Booking and Ticketing

11 April 2025

The 15th Florence Intermodal Forum will explore key regulatory and industry challenges in achieving a Single Digital Booking and Ticketing system across Europe.

Over the last few years, Europe has witnessed a rapid advancement of technology in every sector. Transport has been revolutionised as efficiency and reliability have increased. The emergence of Multimodal Digital Mobility Services (MDMS) has transformed the concept of mobility.

The European Commission (EC) committed to fostering multimodality in 2020 as part of its Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy (SSMS). President Ursula von der Leyen has highlighted in her Political Guidelines for the Next Commission and in her Mission Letter to the Commissioner-designate for Sustainable Transport and Tourism, the need for a Single Digital Booking and Ticketing Regulation to ensure that European citizens can buy one single ticket on one single platform and get passengers’ rights for their whole trip.

The 15th Florence Intermodal Forum aims to delve into the critical issues shaping the future of single ticketing and its impact on both consumers and industry stakeholders. The Forum, co-organised by the Transport Area of the Florence School of Regulation together with the EC’s DG MOVE, will tackle the following questions:

  • Content Obligation on Land Transport Service Providers: Should transport service providers be subject to content-sharing obligations beyond those deriving from antitrust? What thresholds in terms of operators to be obliged? Which obligations?
  • Obligations on the platforms & Vertical integration: Discuss­­­ion Questions: How should platforms in transport be regulated? What should be the thresholds for regulation? How could FRAND principles apply? How can self-preferencing be regulated?
  • Code of Conduct for Global Distribution Systems: Discussion Questions: Is the Code of Conduct for GDS still relevant? What are the obligations in the Code of Conduct that should remain?

Please kindly note that participation at this Forum is by invitation only.

Find here the full programme.

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