This paper explores a number of major options that the EU could consider if the decision is made to enhance the EU Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). It shows that the options are varied, with significant differences in terms of additional mitigation effort, political will and environmental impacts. These options have been discussed through workshops with stakeholders and policy makers and an online survey. The survey asked participants to rate the political and social acceptability, as well as competitive, international and environmental impacts of 9 options for enhancing the EU NDC set out in this paper. The results of these efforts to gather input and foster discussion are analysed at the end of the paper.
Electrification has moved from a sectoral aspiration to the backbone of the European Union’s decarbonisation strategy, because it alone enables a sustainable break with imported fossil fuels. Yet as this [...]
The energy consumers are entering a new era of digitalisation in the energy market, and as a result, gaining access to innovative offers and services that were before non-existent to [...]
The literature on a ‘just transition’ has grown exponentially over the last decade. The success of the just transition scholarship is due to the earlier endorsement and dissemination of a [...]
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