Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Should I offset or should I plough? : voluntary carbon offsets and ETS in an evolutionary model

Companies with high emissions can offset their climate impact by participating in emission reduction projects through voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) in several countries. Firms...

Authors
Matteo Mazzarano Simone Borghesi MR SV
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
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Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

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Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Energy Regulation Academy

The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a 3-year capacity-building initiative to help accelerate the energy transition in Europe.

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Norman Bay

Course Instructor

Biography

Norman C. Bay was Chairman of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) in the United States from 2015-2017. As Chairman, Norman oversaw FERC’s regulation of the wholesale electricity and natural gas markets, as well as the interstate transmission of electricity and natural gas. Prior to becoming Chairman, Norman was a Commissioner and Director of the Office of Enforcement at FERC. As Director from 2009 to 2014, he strengthened FERC’s market oversight and enforcement capabilities, which resulted in a series of high profile market manipulation enforcement actions. From 2017 to 2025, Norman was chair of the energy regulatory practice group at Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP. Earlier in his career, he was a federal prosecutor (the U.S. Attorney in New Mexico) and a law professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law.

Training courses

18 Nov 2026
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