A multitude of articles in the Clean Energy Package (CEP) Directive on common rules for the internal market for electricity (e-Directive) guide Member States (MS) to innovate in new domains related to the electricity system.2 In short, these articles set principles lining out the boundaries for the implementation of national regulatory frameworks. At the same time, these same new domains fall within the scope of network code areas identified in the CEP Regulation on the internal market for electricity (e-Regulation).3 More precisely, in Art. 59 of the e-Regulation areas are described for which binding Commission Regulations can be developed. Some of the network code areas in Art. 59 were already described in the Third Energy Package, which preceded the CEP, and lay at the basis of eight network codes and guidelines which are currently in force. The new e-Regulation added some new network code areas and amended some existing ones. The general idea is that innovation with regulation at MS-level, triggered by the e-Directive, can in the longer term serve for inspiration for new network codes or guidelines at EU-level or for amendments of existing ones.
Since October 2022, Russia’s escalated attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure have caused widespread damage, severely impacting energy security and economic stability. Despite these challenges, Ukraine has demonstrated remarkable resilience, restoring [...]
The European Union is strongly urbanised, with 432 urban nodes identified. This vast array of urban hubs has a significant economic and geographical value. Urban nodes are critical to the [...]
Reducing carbon emission in the wastewater treatment sector requires both lower energy consumption and a transition towards renewable energy sources. Utilizing the embedded energy in wastewater, which has been traditionally [...]
In this report, we focus on the fundamentals of energy and climate policy as reformulated in the EU Green Deal. The 2024 edition of this report includes updates following the [...]
The European Commission’s Communication directed to consumers regarding the Green Transition does not emphasise their shared responsibility. Instead, the Commission puts the emphasis on empowering consumers to make green choices. [...]
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between [...]
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