The EU network codes and guidelines are a detailed set of rules pushing for the harmonisation of national electricity markets and regulations. A total of eight network codes and guidelines entered into force by the end of 2017: three grid connection codes (RfG NC, DC NC and HVDC NC), three market codes (FCA GL, CACM GL and EB GL), and two operation codes (SO GL and ER NC). The major part of this text covers the market codes. The reader is guided through the sequence of electricity markets in place in the EU: forward markets, the day-ahead market, the intraday market and finally the balancing markets. The establishment of these different markets in a national context is discussed and their integration. Additionally, also two connection codes (RfG NC and DC NC) are discussed; the scope of theses codes is described and technical requirements are clarified. Where relevant, the link between the system operation guideline (SO GL) and the market or connection codes is made. In each section, basic market design or more technical concepts are explained, we highlight what is in the codes, and we also refer to some of the relevant academic literature.
This dataset is composed of five indicators which provide information on the economic and environmental performance of sectors covered by the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The focus [...]
On 21 February 2024 the European Commission Directorate General for Mobility and Transport in cooperation with the Florence School of Regulation hosted an academic conference to explore opportunities and challenges [...]
Rail has a key role to play in making transport more efficient and sustainable in the EU and elsewhere. However, increasing passenger and cargo volumes require investment in infrastructure, and [...]
In this work, we present the major application and impact areas of Contracts-for-Difference (CfDs) in a European context, describe the most relevant design dimensions and discuss several design packages for [...]
After years of record announcements, frantic policy development and the establishment of substantial public support mechanisms, the clean hydrogen sector is nearing an inflexion point. Many clean hydrogen projects have [...]
The safeguarding of critical offshore energy infrastructure has assumed a heightened level of urgency in the wake of the Nord Stream pipeline explosions in September 2022 and the suspected sabotage [...]
Join our community
To meet, discuss and learn in the channel that suits you best.
Read it on Cadmus Download in open access
