The Electricity Journal, 2009, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 81-86One fairly unique feature of France is that it hosts a large ?eet of nuclear reactors. It is owned by the incumbent, EdF, and provides this 85-percent state-owned enterprise with an economic advantage to compete on price. Moreover, because the energy mix in continental Europe is unbalanced, French nuclear power generation bene?ts from an extra scarcity rent which is likely to last for a long time. Since the opening of the retail market to competition in July 2007, the allocation of this rent and the survival of EdF.
In the North Seas region, a coalition of 9 countries expressed the ambition to quadruple their offshore wind capacity from 30 GW to 120 GW by 2030, and to then [...]
The EU's non-financial reporting (NFR) regulations have significant impacts on Global South stakeholders, firms that must report, actors lower in the value chain, and organisations seeking investment from NFR-compliant firms [...]
Innovation is closely linked to air transport, from the development of aircraft technologies to the creation of computer reservation systems. T he latter led to the development of global distribution [...]
Since October 2022, Russia’s escalated attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure have caused widespread damage, severely impacting energy security and economic stability. Despite these challenges, Ukraine has demonstrated remarkable resilience, restoring [...]
The European Union is strongly urbanised, with 432 urban nodes identified. This vast array of urban hubs has a significant economic and geographical value. Urban nodes are critical to the [...]
Reducing carbon emission in the wastewater treatment sector requires both lower energy consumption and a transition towards renewable energy sources. Utilizing the embedded energy in wastewater, which has been traditionally [...]
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