EU 2050 Low-Carbon Energy Future: Visions and strategies

The aim of this paper is to identify the main challenges regarding the achievement of a low-carbon
energy system in the EU by 2050. We analyze the visions presented by stakeholders and existing
strategies of member state to achieve this transition. The five main challenges identified are the
following: 1// energy efficiency – to ensure ambitious energy savings; 2// GHG emissions – to go
towards a nearly zero-carbon electricity system; 3// renewable energy – to push effective technologies
into the market; 4// energy infrastructure – to ensure timely investment in the electricity transmission
grid capacity across borders; 5// energy markets – to guarantee timely investment in electricity
generation back-up capacity. We also find that member states are already pursuing different strategies
in dealing with these challenges. This creates risks for a European energy policy fragmentation. It also
opens new opportunities for cooperation among member states so that the European Commission
could demonstrate how to produce European added value.