Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Should I offset or should I plough? : voluntary carbon offsets and ETS in an evolutionary model

Companies with high emissions can offset their climate impact by participating in emission reduction projects through voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) in several countries. Firms...

Authors
Matteo Mazzarano Simone Borghesi MR SV
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
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Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

13 November 2026
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

07 October 2026 12:30
Autumn Policy Dialogues
07 October 2026 12:30
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Energy Regulation Academy

The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a 3-year capacity-building initiative to help accelerate the energy transition in Europe.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu
Podcast

The Greek Energy Market & Consumer Rights

Jul 20, 2017

In this podcast, Antonis Metaxas and Maria Charontaki discuss the implications of the Winter Package for the Greek energy market before considering the recent legislative amendment of the Electricity Customer Supply Code.

The revision aims to strengthen consumer rights by promoting a greater level of transparency as regards energy consumption, improving consumer protection, and facilitating fair competition and the switching of suppliers.

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More on the topic

Energy Union Law
PUBLICATION • Article
EU contract case law, July-December 2025
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The...
Lucila de Almeida FE MG
Blended
Retail market reforms and consumer protection
course
Retail market reforms and consumer protection
This course focuses on some of the most complex aspects of retail energy markets and the protection and empowerment of consumers in these markets....
EnRA
Economic Foundations of EU ETS and International Carbon Markets | FSR course
VIDEO
Economic Foundations of EU ETS and International Carbon Markets | FSR course
This two-day residential training course on the Economic foundations of EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and International Carbon Markets is desig...
Driving Europe’s Sustainable Energy Transition | Lena Kitzing & Erik Jones
VIDEO
Driving Europe’s Sustainable Energy Transition | Lena Kitzing & Erik Jones
What drives Europe’s sustainable energy transition? In this conversation, Erik Jones, Director of the Robert Schuman Centre, welcomes Prof. Lena Kit...
Policy Dialogue
‘Buy European’ and the energy transition: policy and trade-offs
Sep 28, 2026
EVENT
‘Buy European’ and the energy transition: policy and trade-offs
‘Buy European’ is becoming an increasingly prominent feature of EU policy, reflecting efforts to strengthen domestic manufacturing, reduce strateg...
Workshop
Reforming the Market Stability Reserve of the EU ETS
Sep 22, 2026
EVENT
Reforming the Market Stability Reserve of the EU ETS
Since its establishment, the MSR has helped absorb oversupply and rebuild confidence in the carbon price. But that task is now largely completed, and....
Conference
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
Oct 07, 2026
EVENT
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
The European University Institute (EUI)’s Florence School of Regulation (FSR) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Center for Ene...
EnRA
Energy Regulation Academy
Sep 15, 2026
EVENT
Energy Regulation Academy
The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a three-year initiative funded by the European Union through the Technical Support Instrument and implemented ...
Transport
Access to Service Facilities and Rail-Related Services: Their Role as Market Barriers and the Current Asymmetric Regulatory Framework
Access to Service Facilities and Rail-Related Services: Their Role as Market Barriers and the Current Asymmetric Regulatory Framework
As is highlighted in the European Commission’s recent High-Speed Rail Plan presented in November 2025, access to service facilities and rail-related...
Policy Dialogue
Electrifying European Energy Demand
Oct 09, 2026
EVENT
Electrifying European Energy Demand
The 2020 Energy System Integration Strategy identified electrification, based on renewable electricity, as one of the three complementary and mutually...

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