Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

EU transport competitiveness

The European Union is entering a decade that will be decisive for its global competitiveness. This is particularly the case in the transport sector....

Authors
Elodie Petrozziello JJMP
Article
Should I offset or should I plough? : voluntary carbon offsets and ETS in an evolutionary model
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Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

13 November 2026
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

17 November 2026 09:00
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More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Energy Regulation Academy

The Energy Regulation Academy (EnRA) is a 3-year capacity-building initiative to help accelerate the energy transition in Europe.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Energy

Energy & Climate carries out applied research, training courses and policy dialogue impacting policy-makers, stakeholders and consumers.

Blog posts

Molecules & Materials
Nov 11, 2026
Opinion
The Long-Term Sustainability of Metals Markets: The Case of Copper
Copper is essential to electrification, economic development and the expansion of digital infrastructure. As demand grows, concerns about future coppe...
The Long-Term Sustainability of Metals Markets: The Case of Copper
COP31
Nov 5, 2026
Topic of the Month
COP31 in Antalya: from promises to delivery
The 31st UN Climate Change Conference (COP31) opens in Antalya, Türkiye, on 9 November for two weeks of negotiations. The question is no longer...
COP31 in Antalya: from promises to delivery
Video
Nov 4, 2026
Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms Part 2 | Emma Menegatti | EnRA Lectures
In this introductory video for the Energy Regulation Academy, we discuss the design of capacity remuneration mechanisms (CRMs). First, what are the tw...
Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms Part 2 | Emma Menegatti | EnRA Lectures
Video
Nov 4, 2026
Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms Part 1 | Emma Menegatti | EnRA Lectures
In this introductory video for the Energy Regulation Academy, we discuss the need for capacity remuneration mechanisms. First, in theory: what justifi...
Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms Part 1 | Emma Menegatti | EnRA Lectures
Energy
Oct 28, 2026
News
What is the Energy Regulation Academy?
Europe’s electricity sector is changing rapidly. Reforms are reshaping electricity markets, renewable energy investment, grid planning, system flexi...
What is the Energy Regulation Academy?
Video
Oct 21, 2026
Energy and climate policy across the Atlantic | FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference
At the inaugural FSR–MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on Energy and Climate Policy, held in Florence on 7–8 October 2026, researchers, policymakers and...
Energy and climate policy across the Atlantic | FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference
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Events

Conference
Nov 30, 2026
12th Annual Conference on the Economic Assessment of European Climate Policies
The Climate Area of the Florence School of Regulation (FSR) is pleased to announce its 12th Annual Conference on the Economic Assessment of European.....
12th Annual Conference on the Economic Assessment of European Climate Policies
Workshop
Dec 02, 2026
Data and Evidence on European Carbon Markets
The workshop will explore how data can improve our understanding of how European carbon markets function and what they achieve. The first session focu...
Data and Evidence on European Carbon Markets
Policy Dialogue
Nov 17, 2026
Integrating energy system planning and regulation to decarbonise the EU energy sector
Achieving the European Union’s climate and energy objectives requires the coordinated development and operation of electricity, gas, hydrogen, carbo...
Integrating energy system planning and regulation to decarbonise the EU energy sector
Nov 02, 2026
Electricity markets for competitive and affordable energy in Europe
The EU’s emerging 2040 climate and energy architecture, including the electrification target and a prospective renewable or clean energy target,...
Electricity markets for competitive and affordable energy in Europe
Online Debate
Sep 28, 2026
Fostering grid data exchange and reuse for AI models: yes, but how?
The introduction of a new Article 18a in the Electricity Market Regulation, as recently proposed by the European Commission, aims to foster the digita...
Fostering grid data exchange and reuse for AI models: yes, but how?
Conference
Oct 07, 2026
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
The European University Institute (EUI)’s Florence School of Regulation (FSR) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)’s Center for Ene...
FSR – MIT CEEPR Annual Conference on energy and climate policy
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Publications

Publication
Date: Sep 8, 2026
Article
The regulatory framework for independent aggregators
The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy...
Tim Schittekatte Leonardo Meeus VNAD
Publication
Date: Sep 7, 2026
Policy Paper
A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects
In July 2026, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal to amend the Electricity Market...
Ellen Beckstedde Lucila de Almeida Max Münchmeyer Sofia Nicolai Alessandra Porcari Alberto Pototschnig Nicolò Rossetto
Publication
Date: Sep 1, 2026
Contribution to book
European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world
The need to fight global warming is urgent, since it brings catastrophic and often unjust impacts, while...
Jacopo Cammeo Albert Ferrari Simone Borghesi JD MH HM AS IA
Publication
Date: Aug 20, 2026
Contribution to book
Domestic acceptability as a condition for ambitious climate policies
Europe aims to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Today, the European Union Emissions Trading...
Simone Borghesi Albert Ferrari Lea Heinrich
Publication
Date: Aug 19, 2026
Article
EU contract case law, July-December 2025
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European...
Lucila de Almeida FE MG
Publication
Date: Jun 22, 2026
Technical Report
Managing market tightness in the EU ETS on the path to net-zero : design options and trade-offs in price-based supply adjustments
The EU ETS is approaching a structural transition. As the linear reduction factor tightens the cap toward...
Marie Raude Simone Borghesi
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People

Electricity
Leonardo Meeus
Director of the Florence School of Regulation
Leonardo Meeus Photo
Energy
Clara Poletti
Part-time Professor
Clara Poletti Photo
Energy
Alberto Pototschnig
Deputy Director, World of Practice
Alberto Pototschnig Photo
Energy
Catharina Sikow-Magny
Part-time Professor
Catharina Sikow-Magny Photo
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