In this report we focus on the fundamentals of energy and climate policy as reformulated in the EU Green Deal. The 2022 edition includes updates following the publication of the Fit for 55 Package and the EU Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas Markets Package. The reader is guided through the landscape of EU climate and energy policy. Starting with the big picture of the foundations of energy and climate policy, we then move to discussing in more detail European climate policy, security of supply and energy networks. We continue with energy wholesale and retail markets, and finish with a closer look at energy innovation. Each chapter is divided into several sections, aiming to give the reader a broad overview of the areas of climate and energy policy that are impacted by the EU Green Deal. The references at the end of each section serve as suggestions for further reading on each topic.
We examine the optimal behavior of carbon-emitting companies operating under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS), under which firms are obliged to purchase emission permits on the secondary [...]
The Brief explores pathways to promote a sustainable agricultural trade regime for the EU. We identify three challenges and propose three potential paths forward. We discuss potential implications of the [...]
The rewable energy resources within EU27 are highly dominated by wind and solar energy delivering electricity as output. As electrification is the most efficient way to deliver the energy services [...]
Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic [...]
Regulation 1370/2007, as amended by the Fourth Railway Package, set the date of 25 December 2023 for the opening to competition of services subject to public service obligations. As opposed [...]
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently [...]
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