To increase the share of RES-E, governments have designed and implemented promotional policies which provide direct and indirect financial aid to RES-E adapters and developers. These promotional policies include several instruments and support schemes. Different countries, and in some cases different governments in a country, use different combinations of these support schemes to promote different renewable technologies. In this work, we study support schemes that have been implemented since the late 1990s or early 2000s in five countries: the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain and Australia. We provide an overview of these schemes and their timelines for the following RES-E technologies: onshore wind, offshore wind, utility-scale solar PV, rooftop solar PV and solar thermal. In addition, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of support schemes in promoting these RES-E technologies. We tackle these two values and provide specific discussions on each country, support scheme and technology.
We examine the optimal behavior of carbon-emitting companies operating under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS), under which firms are obliged to purchase emission permits on the secondary [...]
The Brief explores pathways to promote a sustainable agricultural trade regime for the EU. We identify three challenges and propose three potential paths forward. We discuss potential implications of the [...]
The rewable energy resources within EU27 are highly dominated by wind and solar energy delivering electricity as output. As electrification is the most efficient way to deliver the energy services [...]
Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic [...]
Regulation 1370/2007, as amended by the Fourth Railway Package, set the date of 25 December 2023 for the opening to competition of services subject to public service obligations. As opposed [...]
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently [...]
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