The shift to rail is one of the main pillars of the EU strategy to reach its ambitious European Green Deal objectives in transport and has thus ranked highly on its agenda during the past year: the European Year of Rail 2021. However, data shows that modal shift is not happening at the desired pace. Rail passenger traffic remains mostly domestic, with only 7% of it crossing borders in 2018, whereas the modal share of rail in freight transport even decreased from 18.8% to 18.7% between 2015 and 2018, with significant differences between countries (Rail Market Monitoring, 2021). On a positive note, the European Year of Rail has been instrumental in bringing to light the various regulatory and technical challenges to operating cross-border freight and passenger rail services. Against this backdrop, our 2nd Florence Rail Regulation Conference brought together leading academics, industry experts and public officials in evaluating existing policies and analysing new proposals to accelerate modal shift in both the passenger and freight segments.
About 1,100 TWh of natural gas can be stored in 115 storage facilities in 19 countries in the EU27 area, accounting for 25-30% of European consumption in winter periods. Securing [...]
The outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war has revived discussions on the EU’s dependence on fossil fuel imports from Russia. To ensure gas diversification, the EU Commission has suggested over a [...]
The recent surge in energy prices has prompted many governments to introduce emergency measures to reduce the impact on consumers’ electricity and gas bills. In its REPowerEU Communication of 8 [...]
Different measures for carbon leakage prevention across Emissions Trading Systems (ETSs) may distort economic competition between firms. The same is true of competition between jurisdictions if decisions on the location [...]
The global litigation of standard essential patents (SEP) is taking a new turn with the jurisdictional battle between national courts. Some courts have started issuing anti-suit injunctions (ASI) to prohibit [...]
This paper investigates the possible dynamics that may emerge in an economy in which agents adapt to environmental degradation by increasing the produced output to repair the damages of environmental [...]
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