This special issue of NIQ concludes the EU’s ‘year of rail.’ Over the past 30 years the EU has driven the transformation of the European rail sector with the aim of making it more efficient and more competitive vis-à-vis road. It has defined and actively pursued a liberalisation agenda through four railway packages. Recent policies to decarbonise the economy and the important role of transport in them have added both pressure and support. This special issue aims to document these efforts by giving the floor to some of the main actors in the process.
Having identified the basic characteristics of the current energy crisis and its particular shape in the European Union, three questions immediately arise. 1) If gas is at the ‘core’ of [...]
In this report we focus on the fundamentals of energy and climate policy as reformulated in the EU Green Deal. The 2022 edition includes updates following the publication of the [...]
Against the backdrop of the European Green Deal and the subsequent ‘Fit for 55’ Package, the basic infrastructures will have to become more sustainable over the course of their entire [...]
Economic regulators of water and sanitation services (WSS) across Europe were originally established to address harmful consequences arising from the natural monopoly of the sector. This is reflected in their [...]
The COVID-19 pandemic has almost forced the aviation industry to a halt in 2020, at least when it comes to the provision of passenger services: the number of active routes, [...]
We think that the electricity markets that were developed over the last two decades did what they were supposed to do during this crisis: through higher prices, they convey the [...]
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