This study is a review of current EU energy policy and its implementation, in order to determine the lessons that can be learned in terms of developing an energy policy that meets the objective of sustainability (i.e. meeting the CO2 reduction targets set in the light of the EU’s Paris commitments) but at the same time delivers on competitiveness (generating competitive prices and creating jobs, fairness (ensuring fair prices for citizens and sharing fairly any burden between citizens across the EU) as well as energy security. In addition, the role of energy technologies has been analysed across different energy scenarios aiming at complying with Paris agreement targets and supported by detailed modelling. Having verified the discrepancies of these energy scenarios in terms of technological decarbonisation potential and needed investments, we provide evidence of the future costs of certain strategic energy technologies towards a cost-effective EU decarbonisation. In particular, we focus on the future costs of renewable electricity and hydrogen technologies. We first analysed the potential future uses of electricity and hydrogen across scenarios and then the assumptions on future costs of these technologies (e.g. levelized costs, technical potential), drawing conclusions on their cost-competitiveness and on the need for further policy support.
As stated by the OECD, “water security in many regions will continue to deteriorate due to increasing water demand, water stress and water pollution.” Indeed water supply and sanitation (WSS) [...]
Electricity is used for railway traction. With the 4th Railway Package, traction current became excluded from the Minimum Access Package to be provided by the Infrastructure Managers (IMs) and was [...]
Transforming Europe into a climate neutral economy by 2050 in line with the European Green Deal places a particular responsibility on the transport sector, which accounts for a quarter of [...]
The European Union (EU) is likely to face a gas supply-demand gap of 27 bcm in 2023-2024. This gap could be reduced by enhancing its partnership with oil and gas [...]
New European rules are being developed to shape electricity market design in a way that improves TSO- DSO coordination, makes efficient use of distribution-connected resources, and empowers the smallest network [...]
Having identified the basic characteristics of the current energy crisis and its particular shape in the European Union, three questions immediately arise. 1) If gas is at the ‘core’ of [...]
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