Highlights: Current estimates of marginal abatement costs suggest that achieving zero or net-zero emissions requires much higher carbon prices than ever experienced. Depending on how well they are addressed, competitiveness and distributional effects de facto pose a limit to the levels that carbon prices can reach. Steeply growing carbon prices and related side effects call for packages of accompanying measures and policies. This policy brief presents multiple policy options to keep carbon prices in check and achieve zero emissions in time.
Adequate, reliable and well interconnected energy networks are a prerequisite for a well functioning internal energy market and for meeting EU’s energy and climate policy objectives on greenhouse gases, cost-competitiveness [...]
Electricity network companies can innovate their own network business or stimulate system innovation, including by facilitating market activities and the integration of renewable energy sources. Regulation is essential to turn [...]
To enable deep electrification of the economy, a significant expansion of grid distribution capacity will be required. However, how much grid investments eventually will be needed depends on how the [...]
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