Over the last decade, the European Union has pursued a proactive climate policy and integrated a significant amount of renewable technologies – such as solar and wind – into the established energy system. These efforts have proved successful, and continuing along this pathway, increasing renewables and improving energy efficiency, would not require substantial policy shifts. The EU now needs a much deeper energy transformation to: decarbonise in line with the Paris agreement, seize the economic and industrial opportunities offered by this global transformation, develop an EU approach to energy competitiveness and security, as the EU has neither the United States’ shale potential nor China’s top-down investment possibilities.
Having identified the basic characteristics of the current energy crisis and its particular shape in the European Union, three questions immediately arise. 1) If gas is at the ‘core’ of [...]
In this report we focus on the fundamentals of energy and climate policy as reformulated in the EU Green Deal. The 2022 edition includes updates following the publication of the [...]
Against the backdrop of the European Green Deal and the subsequent ‘Fit for 55’ Package, the basic infrastructures will have to become more sustainable over the course of their entire [...]
Economic regulators of water and sanitation services (WSS) across Europe were originally established to address harmful consequences arising from the natural monopoly of the sector. This is reflected in their [...]
The COVID-19 pandemic has almost forced the aviation industry to a halt in 2020, at least when it comes to the provision of passenger services: the number of active routes, [...]
We think that the electricity markets that were developed over the last two decades did what they were supposed to do during this crisis: through higher prices, they convey the [...]
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