The electricity sector is facing a new wave of changes supported by new business models, two of which are key to our understanding of the ongoing transformations. The first model secures ex-ante investments into fixed cost generation assets with guaranteed long-term revenue streams. It is typical of investments into green generation, be they wind or solar, onshore or offshore, utility-scale or individual prosumer, within regulated schemes or private bilateral contracting. The second model is built with the light asset approach typical of the digitalisation era. It favours particular product characteristics for targeted customers and has many variants: aggregators as new intermediaries; digital platforms bypassing intermediaries; direct peer-to-peer exchange such as blockchain; fleets of consumption, generation and storage devices managed ‘behind the meter’, such as mini-grids or off-grid. Between the two, transmission and distribution grids will have to reinvent, as much as regulatory frames will permit, to create efficient loops of deeper interaction with the active users of the grids in operation and investments.
This dataset aims to provide a list of installation entries and exits into and from the EU ETS. To the extent possible, we also specify the reason for an identified [...]
Purpose of the Review: The increasing penetration of distributed energy sources into the electricity system requires greater customer engagement in providing new flexibility services. This article reviews the main behavioural [...]
In the Commission’s Industrial Carbon Management Strategy it acknowledges the importance of CCUs, and that without it the EU will not succeed in its Green deal and Net Zero ambitions. [...]
The Recast Directive opens the single European railway area to competition. Competition is gradually emerging across the EU but there are obvious asymmetries among Member States, in particular in the [...]
As the 2021 EU urban mobility framework states, Europe is one of the most urbanised regions in the world with a huge variety of cities that are important economic and [...]
For decades, environmental degradation has been the focus of public opinion, academia, research centers, and institutions. This attention is motivated by increasing awareness of the severe ecological and socio-economic problems [...]
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