This report summarises the insights collected during the workshop on “The role of carbon markets in reaching carbon neutrality”, which took place in June 2024. This workshop was part of the Joint Sessions of Workshops organised to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Robert Schuman Centre. In line with the LIFE COASE project, the workshop consisted of two parts: presentations of papers that provided an ex-post evaluation of emissions trading systems (ETS) and presentations that focused on ex-ante modelling assessments of ETS. The main topics addressed in the workshop were carbon leakage, scope expansion of emissions trading, negative emissions, voluntary carbon markets, policy overlap, compliance market oversight, trading behaviour, and future allowance prices. This report served as a background paper to inform the discussion at the Net Zero Carbon Market Policy Dialogue that took place on 4 October 2024.