This panel will address the growing concerns over global scarcity of critical raw materials, advanced technologies and skilled labour as countries transition to renewable energy. Access to all three is key to realise this transition. But as countries and continents scramble for autonomy and self-reliance, there will inevitably be winners and losers – or is it possible to strive for a ‘just transition’. What is the impact of major national initiatives to boost self- sufficiency of critical resources on the wider global community? Are energy markets likely to remain open – regionally and globally? Can we learn from the past over-dependency on oil and gas and avoid repeating past mistakes? How will this impact relations with trade partners? These are urgent issues that necessitate a wide-ranging debate. This panel will draw on a rich range of academic and professional expertise and experience from several continents.