European Energy Policy is changing and multifold. It would be better to say that EU had six very different policies for energy since 1980. I will look deeper at only four of them: the single energy market, and three successive programs of European energy transition. Each of these four policies is or has been a genuine challenge, as European Commission does not have a strong executive power, and a detailed enough field-administration machinery to implement such policies. All European successes, with no equivalent in today’s world, are coming from deep and patient compromises between the weak EU layer of decision-making and the decisive national implementation resources.