European Energy Policy is changing and multifold. It would be better to say that EU had six very different policies for energy since 1980. I will look deeper at only four of them: the single energy market, and three successive programs of European energy transition.
Each of these four policies is or has been a genuine challenge, as European Commission does not have a strong executive power, and a detailed enough field-administration machinery to implement such policies.
All European successes, with no equivalent in today’s world, are coming from deep and patient compromises between the weak EU layer of decision-making and the decisive national implementation resources.
Aviation is crucial for Europe's mobility, connectivity and competitiveness. With over 900 million air passengers travelling to, from and within the European Union each year, Europe makes up a third [...]
Lack of interoperability is increasingly becoming a significant issue in the electricity sector. The need to integrate a growing amount of distributed resources, such as renewable energy sources and electric [...]
The energy transition calls for a rapid expansion of electricity grids at both transmission and distribution levels. Technological progress and digitalisation offer new solutions to system needs that can increase [...]
The interaction of “Contracts”, “Markets” and “Law and Regulation” have informed the economic analysis of market economies for over 40 years. One of the main lessons learnt is that (contracts), [...]
Rail transport and inland waterways are crucial to achieve the objectives outlined in the Green Deal agenda. These aims include a 55% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030 and attaining [...]
Urban mobility plays a key role for the promotion of the socio-economic development of a country. Particularly, MaaS platforms are important for those daily journeys made by travellers that must [...]
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