The EU network codes and guidelines for electricity, first introduced in the Third Energy Package, are designed to enable the implementation of an EU internal electricity market. These codes and guidelines aim to regulate the grid operation and trading rules which govern all cross-border electricity market transactions and system operations in the internal energy market. However, these rules present complex legal challenges, in particular the terms, conditions, and methodologies that are attached to the implementation of the guidelines. This text is intended as an introductory guide to some of the legal issues surrounding the drafting, implementation and amendment procedures of these network codes and guidelines.
The Brief explores pathways to promote a sustainable agricultural trade regime for the EU. We identify three challenges and propose three potential paths forward. We discuss potential implications of the [...]
The rewable energy resources within EU27 are highly dominated by wind and solar energy delivering electricity as output. As electrification is the most efficient way to deliver the energy services [...]
Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic [...]
Regulation 1370/2007, as amended by the Fourth Railway Package, set the date of 25 December 2023 for the opening to competition of services subject to public service obligations. As opposed [...]
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently [...]
In the North Seas region, a coalition of 9 countries expressed the ambition to quadruple their offshore wind capacity from 30 GW to 120 GW by 2030, and to then [...]
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