A multitude of articles in the Clean Energy Package (CEP) Directive on common rules for the internal market for electricity (e-Directive) guide Member States (MS) to innovate in new domains related to the electricity system.2 In short, these articles set principles lining out the boundaries for the implementation of national regulatory frameworks. At the same time, these same new domains fall within the scope of network code areas identified in the CEP Regulation on the internal market for electricity (e-Regulation).3 More precisely, in Art. 59 of the e-Regulation areas are described for which binding Commission Regulations can be developed. Some of the network code areas in Art. 59 were already described in the Third Energy Package, which preceded the CEP, and lay at the basis of eight network codes and guidelines which are currently in force. The new e-Regulation added some new network code areas and amended some existing ones. The general idea is that innovation with regulation at MS-level, triggered by the e-Directive, can in the longer term serve for inspiration for new network codes or guidelines at EU-level or for amendments of existing ones.
This article provides a fresh, interdisciplinary perspective on the European Union’s electricity market design (EMD) reform. In policy as well as in law, much of the literature on the EMD [...]
Interconnectors with third countries are currently outside the scope of the Electricity Directive and of the Electricity Regulation. Therefore, the provisions contained in these acts regarding third-party access and tariffs, [...]
The electrification of final energy uses is one of the key ingredients for any roadmap to a low-carbon energy system. In the EU, the European Commission has confirmed the relevance [...]
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