For many years, the European Union (EU) has treated online platforms like any other business, using existing policy tools and regulatory approaches whenever it interacted with them. More recently, but especially during the Juncker Commission (2014-2019), this position has evolved significantly. In fact, the EU should be credited for being the first political system to have developed legislation exclusively targeting online platforms. This transition has been incremental and is far from concluded. But as the emergence of online platforms has called for dedicated regulation, it has also exposed the limits of the EU to deal with them, especially in terms of competence. While neither the EU nor its Member States have, on their own, the necessary tools and resources to regulate online platforms effectively and holistically, they cannot avoid working together if they are to preserve the integrity of the single market, one of Europe’s greatest assets.
The last five years have witnessed fundamental transformations which have created a new context that requires recalibrating EU transport policy and regulation: new mobility patterns after COVID; geostrategic shocks in [...]
Following the EMD reform of 2024, the Commission is tasked to publish a report on the ‘possibilities of streamlining and simplifying the process of applying for a capacity mechanism’ by [...]
Capacity mechanisms are gaining momentum in Europe, and the latest EU electricity market reform further reinforces their role. The negative externalities exerted by these national mechanisms in interconnected zones might, [...]
The European Commission has confirmed plans to enshrine a 90% greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction target by 2040 into law, in line with the European Climate Law’s goal of achieving climate [...]
With 2023 being the hottest year documented and global emissions remaining at record-high levels, we are reminded about the importance of translating climate commitments into effective policies – across both [...]
This report summarises the insights collected during the workshop on “The role of carbon markets in reaching carbon neutrality”, which took place in June 2024. This workshop was part of [...]
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