Water services in Central and Eastern European countries have experienced important transformation processes since the 90s. After a first wave of wholesale reforms of the economic systems after the collapse of the Soviet Union (decentralization and private sector involvement), more recent reforms try to address specific water-related challenges which many countries in the region encounter on their way to EU accession. To tackle issues like rising tariffs, low quality and performance, limited access and insufficient infrastructure maintenance, the creation of dedicated regulatory bodies as well as aggregation reforms have been two key reform approaches.
Aviation is crucial for Europe's mobility, connectivity and competitiveness. With over 900 million air passengers travelling to, from and within the European Union each year, Europe makes up a third [...]
Lack of interoperability is increasingly becoming a significant issue in the electricity sector. The need to integrate a growing amount of distributed resources, such as renewable energy sources and electric [...]
The energy transition calls for a rapid expansion of electricity grids at both transmission and distribution levels. Technological progress and digitalisation offer new solutions to system needs that can increase [...]
The interaction of “Contracts”, “Markets” and “Law and Regulation” have informed the economic analysis of market economies for over 40 years. One of the main lessons learnt is that (contracts), [...]
Rail transport and inland waterways are crucial to achieve the objectives outlined in the Green Deal agenda. These aims include a 55% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030 and attaining [...]
Urban mobility plays a key role for the promotion of the socio-economic development of a country. Particularly, MaaS platforms are important for those daily journeys made by travellers that must [...]
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