Nowadays, the European electricity systems are evolving towards a generation mix that is more decentralised, less predictable and less dispatchable to operate. In this context, additional flexibility is expected to be provided by the demand side. Thus, how to engage consumers to participate in active demand response is becoming a pressing issue. This THINK report assesses how to realise this shift towards active consumers using a consumer-centred approach and does so from the perspective of contracts. On this basis, we recommend measures to be undertaken in the short-term, during the transition and in the long term, respectively, to achieve a full take-off of active demand response.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ)’s Advisory Opinion on Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change, delivered on July 23, 2025, 1 marks a pivotal moment in international climate [...]
The electricity market design reform repositioned capacity markets: they are no longer regarded as last-resort, temporary measures. In practice, their perimeter is also expected to expand, with at least seven [...]
This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between [...]
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