The recent declarations of some European leaders demonstrated a new political impetus towards the Europeanisation of energy policy. Nevertheless, the complex allocation of regulatory competences between the EU and its Member States works against coordination and harmonisation. A possible solution could entail some Member States to promote ad hoc common policies through Schengen-like agreements, i.e., binding international law agreements outside the EU legal framework and thus escaping its formal and procedural requirements. Schengen-like agreements must however comply with the principle of supremacy of Union Law in order to be legally feasible. The compliance with the supremacy principle can be assessed on the grounds of three operational criteria: pre-emption, primacy of EU law and subsidiarity. The legal feasibility assessment conducted in the two areas of nuclear policy and security of gas supply shows that in the former area several of the most important licensing issues could be fruitfully integrated in a Schengen-like agreement.
The Brief explores pathways to promote a sustainable agricultural trade regime for the EU. We identify three challenges and propose three potential paths forward. We discuss potential implications of the [...]
The rewable energy resources within EU27 are highly dominated by wind and solar energy delivering electricity as output. As electrification is the most efficient way to deliver the energy services [...]
Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic [...]
Regulation 1370/2007, as amended by the Fourth Railway Package, set the date of 25 December 2023 for the opening to competition of services subject to public service obligations. As opposed [...]
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently [...]
In the North Seas region, a coalition of 9 countries expressed the ambition to quadruple their offshore wind capacity from 30 GW to 120 GW by 2030, and to then [...]
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