Several market failures, as well as other technical, economic and regulatory barriers to the market
penetration of clean energy technologies result in under-investment of private innovators in RD&D.
Therefore, public support is needed in order to induce innovations. Policy tools creating market
conditions that are attractive for the exploitation of clean technologies (market pull) must be combined
with other tools directly supporting the development of these technologies through the provision of
public funds (technology push). Thereby, financing policy instruments should be chosen so that their
characteristics match with those of the specific innovation process being targeted at the same time that
social welfare is maximized. We develop an analytical framework to define the form of public support
and to provide recommendations on the optimal choice of both technology push and market pull
instruments.
The Brief explores pathways to promote a sustainable agricultural trade regime for the EU. We identify three challenges and propose three potential paths forward. We discuss potential implications of the [...]
The rewable energy resources within EU27 are highly dominated by wind and solar energy delivering electricity as output. As electrification is the most efficient way to deliver the energy services [...]
Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic [...]
Regulation 1370/2007, as amended by the Fourth Railway Package, set the date of 25 December 2023 for the opening to competition of services subject to public service obligations. As opposed [...]
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently [...]
In the North Seas region, a coalition of 9 countries expressed the ambition to quadruple their offshore wind capacity from 30 GW to 120 GW by 2030, and to then [...]
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