Reducing the European Union GHG emissions by at least 80% by 2050 will require a near zero carbon electricity, road and rail transport industry, and heating and cooling in buildings. As compared to “business as usual” the amount of energy required will basically vary according to the level of energy efficiency: it is the “system scale”. Then it is the “system design” which will provide the needed carbon-free technologies consisting of renewable, nuclear and fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage. A zero carbon energy system by 2050 is then demonstrated to be feasible. However it is far from easy and requires immediate and substantial policy action. The main policy implications are addressed in this paper. The 5 years 2010-2015 will be decisive in establishing a regulatory environment whereby the EU will be in a position, by 2020, to take the next steps to achieve the 2050 goal.
This paper addresses the participation of independent aggregators (IAs) for demand response (DR) in European electricity markets. An IA is an aggregator trading the flexibility of consumers of which it [...]
The emergence of natural disasters induces a trade-off in the environmental insurance market. While firms need more coverage against large potential losses, the higher damage caused by accidents increases the [...]
Large-scale CO2 transport infrastructure is crucial for achieving decarbonization goals, yet its deployment remains slow. This paper maps emerging CO2 transport governance models across two dimensions: State-led policies and Economic [...]
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