Which role for railway undertakings in the mobility of the future

Thanks to digitalisation railways are becoming just one element of a complex mobility system that is increasingly integrated, connected, efficient and user-friendly, providing customers with seamless endto- end journeys and combining all modes of transport available. While the Mobility as a Service paradigm seems to be driving the future of transportation, railway undertakings – as mass transportation providers – have a lot to win (or to lose) in this shift from transport device ownership to mobility access and usership. Data is key to this development, which comes with risks, among which (cyber) security and the integrity of personal data of individual passengers. Clear rules on how to handle various types of data are needed to fully make use of the vast potential data analysis can offer. The 14th Florence Rail Forum brought together a group of relevant stakeholders, decision makers and academics to discuss this topic from a European perspective. This European Transport Regulation Observer reflects upon the discussions at the 14th Florence Rail Forum.