Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Linking multimodal passenger hubs to high-speed rail

European cities face urgent challenges concerning decarbonisation, congestion, road safety and management of growing passenger and tourist traffic. Stakeholders must now rethink how people...

Authors
Elodie Petrozziello JJMP
Policy Paper
International carbon credits in the EU : ensuring flexibility without undermining credibility
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Technical Report
The single European sky SES2+ – quo vadis?
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Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

06 October 2026
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Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

19 May 2026 14:00
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More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Lights on Women

The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

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Opportunities
Opportunities
FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Energy

Energy & Climate carries out applied research, training courses and policy dialogue impacting policy-makers, stakeholders and consumers.

Blog posts

Energy security
May 8, 2026
Topic of the Month
How the war with Iran is reshaping Europe’s gas security
When war with Iran erupted on 28 February 2026, attention initially focused on oil markets and geopolitical escalation. Beneath the headlines, however...
How the war with Iran is reshaping Europe’s gas security
Energy Union Law
May 6, 2026
A first look at the citizen energy package
Almost one year after its announcement in the Action Plan for Affordable Energy, the Citizens Energy Package was published on 10 March 2026. In...
A first look at the citizen energy package
Energy security
May 4, 2026
Topic of the Month
When availability is no longer enough in energy security
Security of energy supply has traditionally been understood in terms of availability: ensuring that sufficient volumes are physically present in the s...
When availability is no longer enough in energy security
Flexibility in power markets
Apr 27, 2026
Topic of the Month
Flexibility support schemes: exploring the concept and early experience across Europe
The integration of intermittent renewable energy sources into the electricity system creates new system and network flexibility needs, which we explor...
Flexibility support schemes: exploring the concept and early experience across Europe
Video
Apr 21, 2026
Handbook on Electricity Regulation | Jean-Michel Glachant
Energy transition, renewables, decentralisation, electric vehicles, electricity storage… What does electricity regulation need to deliver in a s...
Handbook on Electricity Regulation | Jean-Michel Glachant
Flexibility in power markets
Apr 20, 2026
Topic of the Month
How well are consumers protected in demand response services?
The Citizen Energy Package emphasises the need to actively promote demand-side flexibility across the EU.[1] By enabling citizens to confidently benef...
How well are consumers protected in demand response services?
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Events

Executive Training Seminar
Sep 01, 2026
From the Space Economy to Space Economics
Space technologies are being woven into every sector of the economy at an unprecedented pace, creating impacts that ripple across infrastructure, gove...
From the Space Economy to Space Economics
Online Debate
Jun 03, 2026
An Overview of Recent Energy Case Law from the CJEU, June 2026
The FSR Law Area will provide a comprehensive review of the most significant energy cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union...
An Overview of Recent Energy Case Law from the CJEU, June 2026
Online Debate
May 19, 2026
Citizens' Energy Package and FSR study on the relevance of consumer protection
On 10th March, the European Commission released its long-awaited Citizens Energy Package, a key step towards delivering affordable energy for all Eu...
Citizens' Energy Package and FSR study on the relevance of consumer protection
Workshop
Jun 10, 2026
Empowering energy consumers and promoting system flexibility in the age of artificial intelligence
The Internal Energy Market (IEM) ultimately aims at providing greater choice and better prices to energy consumers, through a sustainable energy syste...
Empowering energy consumers and promoting system flexibility in the age of artificial intelligence
Lights on Women
Jun 09, 2026
LUCE Awards 2026 – Women for the green transition
Building on the strong foundation laid in previous years, the 4th edition of the LUCE Awards represents a renewed step forward in accelerating the...
LUCE Awards 2026 – Women for the green transition
Workshop
Apr 16, 2026
37th Young Energy Economists and Engineers Seminar (YEEES)
The Florence School of Regulation is pleased to host the 37th edition of the Young Energy Economists and Engineers Seminar (YEEES), a long-standing ne...
37th Young Energy Economists and Engineers Seminar (YEEES)
All Events results

Publications

Publication
Date: May 4, 2026
Policy Paper
International carbon credits in the EU : ensuring flexibility without undermining credibility
The EU is currently reviewing its post-2030 climate policy framework, including the potential use of...
Marie Raude Lea Heinrich Jacopo Cammeo Alessia Casamassima Simone Borghesi
Publication
Date: Apr 28, 2026
Technical Report
A study on consumer protection during gas phase-out
The EU aims to reach climate neutrality by 2050, which means phasing out almost all fossil fuels and shifting...
Lucila de Almeida Sergio Ascari James Kneebone Alessandra Porcari Alberto Pototschnig Marzia Sesini
Publication
Date: Apr 22, 2026
Working Paper
Compensation mechanisms to mitigate the market risk in offshore bidding zones
The latest European electricity market design reform introduced a compensation mechanism for wind producers...
Nathan Giovannini Leonardo Meeus
Publication
Date: Mar 31, 2026
Policy Paper
Proposal for reviewing the Regulation on trans-European Networks for Energy (TEN-E) : assessment and recommendations
Energy networks play an essential role in enabling competition, thus improving energy affordability, and in...
Ronnie Belmans Alberto Pototschnig ECSM
Publication
Date: Mar 20, 2026
Article
Loss and damage of climate change : recognition, obligation and legal consequences
In 1991, Vanuatu presented a proposal to address climate change-related loss and damage, particularly...
Ginevra Le Moli
Publication
Date: Mar 16, 2026
Technical Report
A study on the relevance of consumer rights and protections in the context of innovative energy-related services
Building on technological development, changes in consumer preferences, and an evolving legal framework, old...
Lucila de Almeida Alberto Pototschnig Alessandra Porcari Nicolò Rossetto
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People

Electricity
Leonardo Meeus
Director of the Florence School of Regulation
Leonardo Meeus Photo
Energy
Clara Poletti
Part-time Professor
Clara Poletti Photo
Energy
Alberto Pototschnig
Executive Deputy Director, World of Practice
Alberto Pototschnig Photo
Energy
Ilaria Conti
Coordinator for Strategy and Development
Ilaria Conti Photo
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