Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic importance of manufacturing firms in Europe, this policy brief provides an overview of emissions and output trends for manufacturing firms in the EU ETS; a description of the academic evidence and sectoral specificities of industrial innovation; a discussion on whether uncertainty is a perceived or an actual barrier to low-carbon investments; and finally, a call to address industrial firms lagging in decarbonisation.
This article provides a fresh, interdisciplinary perspective on the European Union’s electricity market design (EMD) reform. In policy as well as in law, much of the literature on the EMD [...]
Interconnectors with third countries are currently outside the scope of the Electricity Directive and of the Electricity Regulation. Therefore, the provisions contained in these acts regarding third-party access and tariffs, [...]
The electrification of final energy uses is one of the key ingredients for any roadmap to a low-carbon energy system. In the EU, the European Commission has confirmed the relevance [...]
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