This report describes and scrutinizes hydropower regimes through a unified analysis framework to ensure their comparison on an equal basis. This framework is structured around 4 blocks: (1) the institutional framework of hydropower regimes (e.g. type of rights to use hydropower, authorities granting rights to use hydropower, etc.); (2) the framework for granting right to use hydropower (duration of rights and procedure, competitive process and existence of a possible EC infringement procedure); (3) the obligations of the hydropower operator (environmental and investment obligations and royalties); and (4) small hydro characterisation and support schemes.
Annual verified emissions and allowance transactions under the EU ETS are provided in the European Transaction Log (EUTL), which is the administrative backbone of the EU ETS. The EUTL, however, [...]
This book is a companion volume to the Handbook on Electricity Markets, which focused on the evolution and challenges of wholesale electricity markets, particularly with the integration of intermittent renewable [...]
The International Court of Justice (ICJ)’s Advisory Opinion on Obligations of States in Respect of Climate Change, delivered on July 23, 2025, 1 marks a pivotal moment in international climate [...]
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