Oil, gas and energy law (OGEL), 2011, No. 3, OnlineOnlyThe EU energy market regulation is based on three main pillars: third party access, unbundling and strong regulators. This paper will focus on the first of these. As will be seen throughout this paper, the access regimes in electricity and natural gas regulations are very similar, despite the differences in the respective commodities. The objectives of the third party access provisions of both electricity and natural gas regulations are very similar: to creating capacity to compete.
We examine the optimal behavior of carbon-emitting companies operating under the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS), under which firms are obliged to purchase emission permits on the secondary [...]
The Brief explores pathways to promote a sustainable agricultural trade regime for the EU. We identify three challenges and propose three potential paths forward. We discuss potential implications of the [...]
The rewable energy resources within EU27 are highly dominated by wind and solar energy delivering electricity as output. As electrification is the most efficient way to deliver the energy services [...]
Manufacturing firms in the EU face the double challenge of decarbonisation and (international) competitive pressure. Based on the key findings of the 2024 EIB investment survey and considering the economic [...]
Regulation 1370/2007, as amended by the Fourth Railway Package, set the date of 25 December 2023 for the opening to competition of services subject to public service obligations. As opposed [...]
This policy brief contends that a new approach to Long Term Contracts (LTCs) in European competition policy based on new facts, new realities and a revised reasoning must be urgently [...]
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