Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

The regulatory framework for independent aggregators

The importance of independent aggregators has been acknowledged in the recently adopted EU Clean Energy Package (CEP). The CEP obliges all Member States to...

Authors

VNAD

Policy Paper

A framework for electricity grid data exchange and reuse for AI foundation models : reflections on five implementation aspects

Contribution to book

European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world

Executive Education

We offer different types of training: Online, Residential, Blended and Tailor-made courses in all levels of knowledge.

Digital Mobility Ticketing Lab

Digital Mobility Ticketing Lab

13 November 2026

Economic Foundations of EU ETS and International Carbon Markets

08 February 2027

Annual Training on the Regulation of Energy Utilities

06 October 2026

Policy Events

A wide range of events for open discussion and knowledge exchange. In Florence, Brussels, worldwide and online.

Energy Regulation Academy

Energy Regulation Academy

15 September 2026 15:00

Biogases and Biomethane in the EU

16 September 2026 09:00

Implementing Single Ticketing

25 September 2026 09:00

More

Discover more initiatives, broader research, and featured reports.

Lights on Women

The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

Discover more

Opportunities

Opportunities

FSR.secretariat@eui.eu

Policy Brief

State-of-play in international carbon markets in 2024

Issue Date: 2024

Date Accessioned: 23 Jul 2024

emissions trading

carbon market integration

Paris Agreement

carbon removals

This policy brief, written in May 2024, provides an overview of the international carbon market landscape and describes the status quo in terms of the degree of its integration and the use of the mechanisms set out in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It assesses the linkability of existing emissions trading systems (ETSs) and discusses the emerging topics of sector expansion and the role of removals in compliance markets.

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Latest publication in the same area

PUBLICATION • Contribution to book

European and global climate policies : pursuing fairness and carbon neutrality in an increasingly fragmented world

The need to fight global warming is urgent, since it brings catastrophic and often unjust impacts, w...

Simone Borghesi

JD MH HM

PUBLICATION • Contribution to book

Domestic acceptability as a condition for ambitious climate policies

Europe aims to become the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. Today, the European Union Emission...

Simone Borghesi

PUBLICATION • Technical Report

Managing market tightness in the EU ETS on the path to net-zero : design options and trade-offs in price-based supply adjustments

The EU ETS is approaching a structural transition. As the linear reduction factor tightens the cap t...

Simone Borghesi

PUBLICATION • Article

Industrial decarbonization in a fragmented world : carbon pricing with border adjustments using standardized values

The European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has the dual objective of preventing carbon l...

Simone Borghesi

KN MS FB CB

PUBLICATION • Policy Paper

International carbon credits in the EU : ensuring flexibility without undermining credibility

The EU is currently reviewing its post-2030 climate policy framework, including the potential use of...

Alessia Casamassima

Simone Borghesi

PUBLICATION • Contribution to book

Reflections on climate resilient tourism : evidence for the EU ETS-2 and voluntary carbon markets

The chapter discusses transition risk for tourism, addressing its relation with the Environmental Ku...

Simone Borghesi

GG

PUBLICATION • Article

SPS and TBT measures through the lens of bilateral and GVC-related regulatory distance

The regulatory framework of international trade is complex and multifaceted, with many countries ado...

Fabio Gaetano Santeramo

MG

PUBLICATION • Article

Nexus approach to enhance water-energy-food security and ecosystems resilience under climate change in the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean Basin, already a water-scarcity hotspot, faces intensifying droughts and warming t...

Fabio Gaetano Santeramo

PD MGRF MAM AAH MB

PUBLICATION • Article

Environmental insurance and resilience in the age of natural disasters

The emergence of natural disasters induces a trade-off in the environmental insurance market. While ...

Simone Borghesi

IC GI AT

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