Research

The School carries out applied research with the purpose of developing economically, legally, and socially-sound regulation and policy, using a multidisciplinary approach.

Independent aggregation in the nordic day-ahead market : what is the welfare impact of socializing supplier compensation payments?

This paper addresses the participation of independent aggregators (IAs) for demand response (DR) in European electricity markets. An IA is an aggregator trading the...

Authors
Tim Schittekatte KB ZB
Article
Environmental insurance and resilience in the age of natural disasters
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Policy Paper
Evaluating models of CO2 transport governance : from state-led to market-based approaches
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The Lights on Women initiative promotes, trains and advocates for women in energy, climate and sustainability, boosting their visibility, representation and careers.

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Online Debate

Leveraging the New Connecting Europe Facility to build EU hydrogen grid

15 October 2025

This webinare explored how innovative EU financing tools can support the early development of a clean hydrogen infrastructure while limiting taxpayer costs.

Watch the recording:

In the framework of the Commission’s new MFF budget proposal for 2028-2035, the Commission has proposed a greatly increased budget for the Connecting Europe Facility, from the current €5.2 billion to almost €30 billion, together with an updated CEF framework. In addition, it has proposed a budget of €67.4 billion for ‘Clean Transition and Industrial Decarbonisation’ under the newly proposed Competitiveness Fund.

In parallel to this proposed greatly increased funding for Green Deal relevant infrastructure, the Commission proposes a major update on how the CEF will be spent. Instead of being limited to grants, it may also be spent “in the form of a budgetary guarantee or a financial instrument, including where combined with non-repayable support in a blending operation….exclusively provided through the ECF InvestEU Instrument or GE delivery mechanism”. This is an important development in EU funding.

The German Anticipatory Loan Guarantee Mechanism, which has been approved by the Commission under the State aid rules, provides the first concrete example of such a mechanism for hydrogen grids that need to be anticipatory in nature – being built today but for the demand of the future whilst still keeping transmission fees low in the short to medium term.

This webinar will explore how the EU can leverage innovative financing mechanisms under the CEF and other instruments to accelerate the development of a robust, integrated hydrogen network at limited cost for the taxpayer, but one that will facilitate the development of the clean hydrogen market.

Programme
10:00-10:45 Panel discussion
  • Christoph von dem Bussche, Gasunie Deutschland
  • Catharina Sikow-Magny, Florence School of Regulation
  • Lucie Boost, Gas Infrastructure Europe
10:45-10:55 Q&A from the audience
10:55-11:00 Conclusions
Christopher Jones, Florence School of Regulation

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