The European Union set ambitious objectives for the year 2020 in terms of increase of renewable generation, energy savings and reduction of GHG emissions. These objectives lead Europe towards a complete decarbonisation of the electricity system. There is a key role to be played by grids in facilitating the required transformation and this implies they need to become “smart”. In practical terms, making grids smart means deepening the energy system integration and grid users participation. Grids have to reconfigure notably for the integration of distributed generation (DG), the integration of massive large-scale renewable (RES), and for the integration of facilitating demand response. Smarter grids need a smarter regulation. A smart regulation reconfigures the incentives and coordination tools of grid companies and grid users and aligns them towards the new policy objectives. Some of the incentives provided to grid companies and grid users by the existing regulation must be corrected and some additional mechanisms must be conceived and experienced.
Aviation is crucial for Europe's mobility, connectivity and competitiveness. With over 900 million air passengers travelling to, from and within the European Union each year, Europe makes up a third [...]
Lack of interoperability is increasingly becoming a significant issue in the electricity sector. The need to integrate a growing amount of distributed resources, such as renewable energy sources and electric [...]
The energy transition calls for a rapid expansion of electricity grids at both transmission and distribution levels. Technological progress and digitalisation offer new solutions to system needs that can increase [...]
The interaction of “Contracts”, “Markets” and “Law and Regulation” have informed the economic analysis of market economies for over 40 years. One of the main lessons learnt is that (contracts), [...]
Rail transport and inland waterways are crucial to achieve the objectives outlined in the Green Deal agenda. These aims include a 55% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030 and attaining [...]
Urban mobility plays a key role for the promotion of the socio-economic development of a country. Particularly, MaaS platforms are important for those daily journeys made by travellers that must [...]
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