Climate | Policy Brief
Lessons from carbon pricing in Europe : beyond effectiveness
26 September 2025

Authors: LESSMANN, Kai; DÖBBELING-HILDEBRANDT, Niklas; EMMERLING, Johannes; FERRARI, Albert; HERNANDEZ CARBALLO, Ireri; NÚÑEZ-YEBRA, Pablo; PIETZCKER, Robert; RAUDE, Marie; ROCCHI, Paola; SAVIN, Ivan; TERRANOVA, Roberta; VAN DEN BERGH, Jeroen

The European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the world's largest carbon market and a cornerstone of the EU's strategy to combat climate change. It is a primary tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in energy-intensive sectors and plays a central role in achieving the EU's climate targets. This Policy Brief highlights several critical aspects of the EU ETS's performance, including its demonstrated ability to reduce emissions even at relatively low prices compared to social cost of carbon estimates.
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